Μπουλες στο Μεσολόγγι 1954Στο Σπίτι της κας Κούλας Χωραφιάδου - Κωνσταντόπουλου πριν την εντυπωσιακή τους εξόρμηση στην οδό Χαριλάου Τρικούπη 1954
Μπούλες
Εγγραφή σε:
Σχόλια ανάρτησης (Atom)
skip to main |
skip to sidebar
Και οι τούρκοι σκέπτονται όπως και εμείς... και μην σας ξαφνιάζει αυτό!
Αρώματα της Ζωής
fish tank
Paz de la Huerta. Η κόρη της Αφροδίτης.
Της αγαπημένης συζύγου του Σαράντη Καραβούζη.
Της τρυφερής και εμπνευσμένης Φίλης μου Γιούλικας Λακερίδου.
Γιούλικα Λακερίδου. Μια αγωνίστρια της Τέχνης.
ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΔΡΟΜΙΚΗ ΕΚΘΕΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΖΩΓΡΑΦΟΥ ΓΙΟΥΛΙΚΑΣ ΛΑΚΕΡΙΔΟΥ ΠΟΥ ΘΑ ΣΥΝΕΧΙΖΕΤΑΙ ΓΙΑ ΕΝΑ ΑΚΟΜΗ ΔΕΚΑΠΕΝΘΗΜΕΡΟ ΣΤΟ ΣΠΙΤΙ ΤΗΣ ΚΥΠΡΟΥ ΣΤΟ ΚΟΛΩΝΑΚΙ. ΑΞΙΖΕΙ ΝΑ ΤΗΝ ΔΕΙΤΕ!
Ο κήπος των κομψών λουλουδιών. Εξ' αριστερών Μαρία Λευκαδίτη, δεξιά Παρασκευή Κότσαρη, κάτω αριστερά Δώρα Λιναρδάτου.
Μεσολόγγι W. Purser
…..Ήδη από την αρχή του ναυτικού αποκλεισμού των Τούρκων της Λευκάδας από τις χριστιανικές δυνάμεις (Έλληνες επτανήσιοι και Βενετοί) 21/7/1684 είχε ριφθεί η ιδέα της καταλήψεως της Πρέβεζας. Η πραγματοποίηση του σχεδίου αυτού επιβλήθηκε από την εξέλιξη των γεγονότων της Ακαρνανίας.: Στις 10 Αυγούστου αποβιβάστηκε στο νησάκι του Πεταλά το πρώτο χριστιανικό σώμα με διοικητές τον κόμητα Strasoldo και τον Δελλαδέτσιμα. Οι αποβατικές αυτές δυνάμεις, ενισχυμένες με Κεφαλλονίτες κυρίως εθελοντές, προχώρησαν προς το Μεσολόγγι και το Αιτωλικό και τα κατέλαβαν. Τα γεγονότα οδήγησαν σε εξέγερση των κατοίκων εναντίον των Τούρκων. Με την καθοδήγηση του Μεϊντάνη, του Σουμίλα και του Χορμόπουλου ξεσηκώθηκαν τα χριστιανικά χωριά του Βάλτου και. Από κοινού με τους άνδρες του Strasoldo και του Δελλαδέτσιμα, κατέλυσαν την οθωμανική κυριαρχία στο μεγαλύτερο τμήμα της δυτικής Στερεάς……..
Στα πλαίσια του πολυμέτωπου αγώνος που ανέλαβαν οι χριστιανικές δυνάμεις της δύσεως εναντίον των Τούρκων εντάσσεται και ο βενετοτουρκικός πόλεμος του 1684-1699, που διεξήχθη κυρίως στον ελληνικό χώρο, προκαλώντας έτσι μεγάλο αντιπερισπασμό στους Τούρκους, που συγχρόνως μάχονταν και στις παραδουνάβιες περιοχές. Με την νέα αυτή σταυροφορία αναθάρρησαν οι Έλληνες και ξεσηκώθηκαν εναντίον των Τούρκων κατακτητών, άλλοτε συμπράττοντας με τους Βενετούς και άλλοτε πολεμώντας μόνοι τους. Μέχρι το 1689 οι Βενετοί κατέλαβαν τη Λευκάδα, την Πρέβεζα και όλη σχεδόν την Πελοπόννησο με συνεργάτες αντίστοιχα τους αρματολούς της δυτικής Στερεάς και τους Μανιάτες, ενώ συγχρόνως οι αρματολοί της κεντρικής Στερεάς δρώντας ανεξάρτητα από τους Βενετούς, που συχνά δυσφορούσαν γι’ αυτό, εκδίωξαν τους Τούρκους από τις περιοχές τους. Πρώτη όμως μεγάλη αποτυχία των Βενετών ήταν η εγκατάλειψη της Αθήνας, που είχε καταληφθή το 1687 μετά από σφοδρούς βομβαρδισμούς που προκάλεσαν καταστροφή στα μνημεία της Ακροπόλεως. Σε αποτυχία επίσης κατέληξε η πολιορκία της Χαλκίδας, όπου και πέθανε από τον καταστρεπτικό λοιμό, που είχε εξαπλωθεί στην Πελοπόννησο και στην Αττική, ο Σουηδός στρατηγός Kοnigsmark. Φυσικά δεν έλειψαν και οι ληστρικές επιδρομές που ενήργησαν οι Βενετοί στη Θάσο, στα παράλια της Χαλκιδικής καθώς και στα νησιά του Αιγαίου. Το 1689 εμφανίστηκε στο πολεμικό προσκήνιο ο Μανιάτης πειρατής Λιμπεράκης Γερακάρης, που συμπράττοντας με τους Τούρκους επιχείρησε και μεμονωμένες επιχειρήσεις στο Μεσολόγγι, στο Βάλτο και στο Ξηρόμερο, δημιουργώντας αντιπερισπασμό στους αντιπάλους του….. Από το 1691 ο Γερακάρης δρώντας για λίγο στο πλευρό των Βενετών επιδόθηκε μαζί τους σε ληστρικές επιδρομές στη Θεσσαλία και στην Ήπειρο, όπου και τελείωσε την τυχοδιωκτική δράση του. Με την συνθήκη του Κάρλοβιτς το 1699, που σήμανε τη λήξη του 15ετούς καταστροφικού πολέμου, παραχωρήθηκαν στους Βενετούς η Πελοπόννησος μέχρι τον Ισθμό, η Λευκάδα και η Αίγηνα. Το κάστρο της Ναυπάκτου επεστράφη στους Τούρκους, ενώ σύμφωνα με όρο της συνθήκης κατεδαφίσθηκαν τα κάστρα της Πρέβεζας και του Αντιρρίου.
Σημειώνεται και το νησάκι Πεταλάς.
Καταστροφή των μνημείων της Ακρόπολης από κανονιοβολισμό των πυριτιδαποθηκών των Τούρκων από τον ενετό Μοροζίνη το 1687.
Κατά τους Ενετοτούρκικους πολέμους
Γενάδιος βιλιοθ.
Όταν με τον ερχομό της νύχτας τελειώνουν οι ανθρώπινες προφάσεις και επιτέλους ηγεμονικά επιστρέφουν οι μνήμες.
Καβάφης
Επέστρεφε
Επέστρεφε συχνά και παίρνε με,αγαπημένη αίσθησις επέστρεφε και παίρνε με—όταν ξυπνά του σώματος η μνήμη,κ’ επιθυμία παληά ξαναπερνά στο αίμα·όταν τα χείλη και το δέρμα ενθυμούνται,κ’ αισθάνονται τα χέρια σαν ν’ αγγίζουν πάλι.Επέστρεφε συχνά και παίρνε με την νύχτα,όταν τα χείλη και το δέρμα ενθυμούνται...
Από φωτογραφία του 1941 η οικογένεια μου.Τέμπερα Άγγελου Κότσαρη χαρισμένη στο Κ. Π. Παναγιωτόπουλο
Το στραβό κερί.
Βόλτα στον δρόμο της Τουρλίδας με σούστα!
Μισής ώρας ταξίδι από τη νερένια πολιτεία και χάνεσαι σε δάση πυκνοσκίαστα παρέα με τον Πάνα, ανάμεσα σ’ αλαφροΐσκιωτους μα από πέτρα ανθρώπους και των βουνών τους αετούς και μες των λόγγων τα στοιχειά και τ’ άγρια ζουλάπια. Σε τελική ανάλυση εδώ μπορείς και να αναπνέεις από την μπόχα του αστισμού μας. Νομίζω ελευθερώνεσαι, ακόμη κι απ' τις βαρύγδουπες επιγραφές που ψευδεπίγραφα μας μπόλιασε ο εθνικόφρονας εγωισμός μας! Με τόσα προβλήματα της καθημερινότητας ποιός συμπολίτης μας αισθάνεται Ελεύθερος, εκτός βέβαια από τους αραχτούς και τους βολεμένους!
Φρεγάτα, ταχύπλουν τριίστιον εκ του αφράκτου.
Πολάκα, εκ του Polacra,άκρα, δηλαδή οξεία πρώρα, ήτοι τριίστιον πλοίον.
ευχής έργο θα ήταν η απληστία και η αλαζονεία των αστικών συμφερόντων και νιτερεσιών να μην αλλοιώση τη φυσική αισθητική του τοπίου και την αγνότητα των ντόπιων ανθρώπων, όπως σε πολλούς ελληνικούς άλλους τόπους που το γελοίο και το άσχημο περισεύει.
Κεράσοβο κι Αγρίνιο.
Μοντέρνα Φρεγάτα. Νοέμβριος 2008
Κορμοί δέντρων στο δάσος των Ελληνικών.
Ξυλεία υλοτομίας του δάσους.
Πράσινο και γαλάζιο.
Η φωτογραφία έχει τραβηχτεί από τον διαπρεπή πυρηνικό επιστήμονα και συμπολίτη κο Κωνσταντίνο Λάσκαρη και έχει παραχωρηθεί από τον παιδικό φίλο μου Μιχάλη Ντίνια γιό του Ντόντου Ντίνια ιδιοκτήτη του κτηρίου που στεγάστηκε παλιά ο Κινηματογράφος Πάλμιον.
Για να ξανάρθουν οι μνήμες της Ιστορίας στην επιφάνεια στους νεώτερους Μεσολογγίτες.
Πιθανόν μια βολική, χωρίς καρίνα, παραλλαγή της παλαιότερης Ταρτάνας.
Βίρα τις Άγκυρες
Οι εκδρομές των παλιών Μεσολογγιτών ήταν κυρίως προσκυνήματα και ένας ιδιόρρυθμος τρόπος πικ νικ στην εξοχή.
Κάτι μου λέει ότι το πριάρι του Ηρακλή Κότσαρη κατασκευής 1920 που σαπίζει έξω από το σπίτι του Τάκη Σαρτζή είναι ένα μεταλλαγμένο απομεινάρι των παλαιών Ταρτανων. Καλό θα ήταν ο Δήμος Μεσολογγίου να το σκεφθει πριν καταρεύσει τελειωτικά.Είμαι στην διαθεσή του αφιλοκερδώς.
Ζωγραφική Άγγελου και Ηρακλή Κότσαρη.
Μεσολογγιτοπούλες του μεσοπολέμου ντυμένες " Αμαλίες"
Κατοικείες αδελφών Κότσαρη ή παλαιότερα Κοτσακάρη,Κωνσταντίνου, Δημητρίου, και Γιώργου, παιδιών του Ηρακλή Κότσαρη.
Τα παιδιά του Δημητρίου Κότσαρη ήταν ο Γεώργιος και ο Σπυρίδωνας, τα παιδιά του Κωνσταντίνου κότσαρη ήταν ο Ηρακλής, η Ελένη Σαραντοπούλου,η Μαρία Τσιφοπανοπούλου, ο Μενέλαος και ο Χρήστος, τέλος το παιδί του Γιώργου Κότσαρη ήταν ο Αριστείδης.
Η πρόσοψη του σπιτιού σε μεταγενέστερα χρόνια είχε μετατραπεί σε μαγαζιά, που διατηρούνται μέχρι σήμερα.
Με την δημιουργία του Βου Blog μου ( το πρώτο είναι το aggelos imerologio) θα ήθελα να έρθω σε επικοινωνία με παλιούς Μεσολογγίτες ή νέους Μεσολογγίτες και να ανταλλάξουμε ιδέες ή σοβαρό έγγραφο υλικό ή και φωτογραφίες που θα διευκόλυναν στην ανάδειξη και της παλαιάς πολιτιστικής πραγματικότητας που διαμορφώθηκε στο Μεσολόγγι αλλά και της σύγχρονης πορείας με το σκοπό να δούμε την συνέχιση ή τη ρήξη του παλαιού πολιτιστικού δρώμενου με αυτό που αναδεικνύεται σήμερα.
ΓΛΑΡΟΣ
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jonathan Livingston Seagull (ISBN 0380012863), written by Richard Bach, is a fable about a seagull learning about life and flight, and a homily about self-perfection and self-sacrifice. First published in 1970 as «Jonathan Livingston Seagull — a story”, it became a favourite on American university campuses. By the end of 1972, over a million copies were in print, Reader’s Digest had published a condensed version, and the book reached the top of the New York Times bestseller list where it remained for 38 weeks. It is still in print as of 2006.
Bach said the book was inspired by John H. "Johnny" Livingston, a barnstorming pilot during the 1920's and 1930's.
The novel tells the story of Jonathan Livingston Seagull, a seagull who is seized by a passion for flight. He pushes himself, learning everything he can about flying, until finally his unwillingness to conform results in his expulsion from his clan. An outcast, he continues to learn, becomes increasingly pleased with his abilities and leads an idyllic life.
Plot Summary
One day, Jonathan is met by two seagulls, who take him to a «higher plane of existence”, where he meets other gulls who love to fly. He discovers that his sheer tenacity and desire to learn make him «a gull in a million”. Jonathan befriends the wisest gull in this new place, named Chiang, who takes him beyond his previous learning, teaching him how to move instantaneously to anywhere else in the universe. The secret, Chiang says, is to «begin by knowing that you have already arrived”.
Not satisfied with his new life, Jonathan returns to Earth to find others like him, to bring them his learning and to spread his love for flight. His mission is successful, gathering around him others who have been outlawed for not conforming. Ultimately, one of his students, Fletcher Lynd Seagull, becomes a teacher in his own right and Jonathan leaves to continue his learning. In some ways, this section is as much a story of Fletcher’s realization as of Jonathan’s continued learning.
Philosophy
PHILOSOPHY comes from the Greek word meaning "love of wisdom" It is the study of beliefs and values; a system for guiding life. As we gain wisdom about life and insight into its meaning, we begin to develop our own philosophy of life.
In Richard Bach's story of Jonathan Livingston Seagull, the author presents his philosophy of life. He uses a literary device called symbolism to get his main points across. A symbol is something that represents or stands for an abstract idea.
The New York Times, July 3, 1974
Des Moines, Iowa, July 2 - John H. Livingston, the man who inspired the best-selling novel "Jonathan Livingston Seagull," died Sunday at the Pompano Beach (Fla.) Airport soon after completing his last plane ride.
Richard Bach, a former Iowa Air Guard pilot, has said his best-selling book about a free-wheeling seagull was inspired by Mr. Livingston.
Johnny Livingston, as he was known, moved many years ago from Iowa to Florida. He was one of the country's top pilots during the barnstorming days of the nineteen-twenties and thirties.
From 1928 through 1933, Mr. Livingston won 79 first places, 43 seconds and 15 thirds in 139 races throughout the country, many of them at Cleveland. He won first place and $13,910 in 1928 in a cross-country race from New York to Los Angeles.
Mr. Livingston leaves his wife, Wavelle, two brothers and four sisters
Part One
It was morning, and the new sun sparkled gold across the ripples of a gentle sea.
A mile from shore a fishing boat chummed the water, and the word for Breakfast Flock flashed through the air, till a crowd of a thousand seagulls came to dodge and fight for bits of food. It was another busy day beginning.
But way off alone, out by himself beyond boat and shore, Jonathan Livingston Seagull was practicing. A hundred feet in the sky he lowered his webbed feet, lifted his beak, and strained to hold a painful hard twisted curve through his wings. The curve meant that he would fly slowly, and now he slowed until the wind was a whisper in his face, until the ocean stood still beneath him. He narrowed his eyes in fierce concentration, held his breath, forced one ... single ... more ... inch ... of ... curve .... Then his feathers ruffled, he stalled and fell.
Seagulls, as you know, never falter, never stall. To stall in the air is for them disgraced and it is dishonor.
But Jonathan Livingston Seagull, unashamed, stretching his wings again in that trembling hard curve - slowing, slowing, and stalling once more - was no ordinary bird.
Most gulls didn't bother to learn more than the simplest facts of flight - how to get from shore to food and back again. For most gulls, it is not flying that matters, but eating. For this gull, through, it was not eating that mattered, but flight. More than anything else, Jonathan Livingston Seagull loved to fly.
This kind of thinking, he found, is not the way to make one's self popular with other birds. Even his parents were dismayed as Jonathan spent whole days alone, making hundreds of low-level glides, experimenting.
He didn't know why, for instance, but when he flew at altitudes less than half his wingspan above the water, he could stay in the air longer, with less effort. His glides ended not with the usual feet-down splash into the sea, but with a long flat wake as he touched the surface with his feet tightly streamlined against his body. When he began sliding in to feet-up landings on the beach, then pacing the length of his slide in the sand, his parents were very much dismayed indeed.
Why, Jon, why?" his mother asked. "Why is it so hard to be like the rest of the flock, Jon? Why can't you leave low flying to the pelicans, the albatross? Why don't you eat? Jon, you're bone and feathers!"
"I don't mind being bone and feathers, Mum. I just want to know what I can do in the air and what I can't, that's all. I just want to know."
"See here, Jonathan," said his father, not unkindly. "Winter isn't far away. Boats will be few, and the surface fish will be swimming deep. If you must study, then study food, and how to get it. This flying business is all very well, but you can't eat a glide, you know. Don't you forget that the reason you fly is to eat."
Jonathan nodded obediently. For the next few days he tried to be behave like the other gulls; he really tried, screeching and fighting with the flock around the piers and fishing boats, diving on scraps of fish and bread. But he couldn't make it work.
It's all so pointless, he thought, deliberately dropping a hard-won anchovy to a hungry old gull chasing him. I could be spending all this time learning to fly. There's so much to learn!
It wasn't long before Jonathan Gull was off by himself again, far out at see, hungry, happy, learning.
The subject was speed, and in a week's practice he learned more about speed than the fastest gull alive.
From a thousand feet, flapping his wings as hard as he could, he pushed over into a blazing steep dive toward the waves, and learned why seagulls don't make blazing steep power-dives. In just six seconds he was moving seventy miles per hour, the speed at which one's wing goes unstable on the upstroke.
Time after time it happened. Careful as he was, working at the very peak of his ability, he lost control at high speed.
Climb to a thousand feet. Full power straight ahead first, then push over, flapping, to a vertical dive. Then, every time, his left wing stalled on an upstroke, he'd roll violently left, stall his right wing recovering, and flick like fire into a wild tumbling spin to the right.
He couldn't be careful enough on that upstroke. Ten times he tried, but all ten times, as he passed through seventy miles per hour, he burst into a churning mass of feathers, out of control, crashing down into the water.
They key, he thought as last, dripping wet, must be to hold the wings still at high speeds - to flap up to fifty and then hold the wings still.
From two thousand feet he tried again, rolling into his dive, beak straight down, wings full out and stable from the moment he passed fifty miles per hour. It took tremendous strength, but it worked. In ten seconds he has blurred through ninety miles per hour. Jonathan had set a world speed record for seagulls!
But victory was short-lived. The instant he began his pullout, the instant he changed the angle of his wings, he snapped into that same terrible uncontrolled disaster, and at ninety miles per hour it hit him like dynamite. Jonathan Seagull exploded in midair and smashed down into a brick-hard sea.
When he came to, it was well after dark, and he floated in moonlight on the surface of the ocean. His wings were ragged bars of lead, but the weight of failure was even heavier on his back. He wished, feebly, that the weight could be just enough to drag him gently down to the bottom, and end it all.
As he sank low in the water, a strange hollow voice sounded within him. There's no way around it. I am a seagull. I am limited by my nature. If I were meant to learn so much about flying, I'd have a falcon's short wings, and live on mice instead of fish. My father was right. I must forget this foolishness. I must fly home to the Flock and be content as I am, as a poor limited seagull.
The voice faded, and Jonathan agreed. The place for a seagull at night is on shore, and from this moment forth, he vowed, he would be a normal gull. It would make everyone happier.
He pushed wearily away from the dark water and flew toward the land, grateful for what he had learned about work-saving low-altitude flying.
But no, he thought. I am done with the way I was, I am done with everything I learned. I am a seagull like every other seagull, and I will fly like one. So he climbed painfully to a hundred feet and flapped his wings harder, pressing for shore.
He felt better for his decision to be just another one of the flock. there would be no ties now to the force that had driven him to learn, there would be no more challenge and no more failure. And it was pretty, just to stop thinking, and fly through the dark, toward the lights above the beach.
Dark! The hollow voice cracked in alarm. Seagulls never fly in the dark!
Jonathan was not alert to listen. It's pretty, he thought. The moon and the lights twinkling on the water, throwing out little beacon-trails though the night, and all so peaceful and still...
Get Down! Seagulls never fly in the dark! If you were meant to fly in the dark, you'd have the eyes f an owl! You'd have charts for brains! You'd have a falcon's short wings!
There in the night, a hundred feet in the air, Jonathan Livingston Seagull - blinked. His pain, his resolutions, vanished.
Short Wings. A falcon's short wings!
That's the answer! What a fool I've been! All I need is a tiny little wing, all I need is to fold most of my wings and fly on just the tips alone! Short wings!
He climbed two thousand feet above the black sea, and without a moment for thought of failure and death, he brought his forewings tightly in to his body, left only the narrow swept daggers of his wingtips extended into the wind, and fell into a vertical dive.
The wind was a monster roar at his head. Seventy miles per hour, ninety, a hundred and twenty and faster still. The wing-strain now at a hundred and forty miles per hour wasn't nearly as hard as it had been before at seventy, and with the faintest twist of his wingtips he eased out of the dive and shot above the waves, a grey cannonball under the moon.
He closed his eyes to slits against the wind and rejoiced. A hundred forty miles per hour! and under control! If I dive from five thousand feet instead of two thousand, I wonder how fast...
His vows of a moment before were forgotten, swept away in that great swift wind. Yet he felt guiltless, breaking the promises he had made himself. Such promises are only for the gulls that accept the ordinary. One who has touched excellence in his learning has no need of that kind of promise.
By sunup, Jonathan Gull was practicing again. From five thousand feet the fishing boats were specks in the flat blue water, Breakfast Flock was a faint cloud of dust motes, circling.
He was alive, trembling ever so slightly with delight, proud that his fear was under control. Then without ceremony he hugged in his forewings, extended his short, angled wingtips, and plunged directly toward the sea. By the time he had passed four thousand feet he had reached terminal velocity, the wind was a solid beating wall of sound against which he could move no faster. He was flying now straight down, at two hundred fourteen miles per hour. He swallowed, knowing that if his wings unfolded at that speed he'd be blown into a million tiny shreds of seagull. But the speed was power, and the speed was joy, and the speed was pure beauty.
He began his pullout at a thousand feet, wingtips thudding and blurring in that gigantic wind, the boat and the crowd of gulls tilting and growing meteor-fast, directly in his path.
He couldn't stop; he didn't know yet even how to turn at that speed.
Collision would be instant death.
And so he shut his eyes.
It happened that morning, then, just after sunrise, that Jonathan Livingston Seagull fired directly through the centre of Breakfast Flock, ticking off two hundred twelve miles per hour, eyes closed, in a great roaring shriek of wind and feathers. The Gull of Fortune smiled upon him this once, and no one was killed.
By the time he had pulled his beak straight up into the sky he was still scorching along at a hundred and sixty miles per hour. When he had slowed to twenty and stretched his wings again at last, the boat was a crumb on the sea, four thousand feet below.
His thought was triumph. Terminal velocity! A seagull two hundred fourteen miles per hour! It was a breakthrough, the greatest single moment in the history of the Flock, and in that moment a new age opened for Jonathan Gull. Flying out to his lonely practice area, folding his wings for a dive from eight thousand feet, he set himself at once to discover how to turn.
A single wingtip feather, he found, moved a fraction of an inch, gives a smooth sweeping curve at the tremendous speed. Before he learned this, however, he found that moving more than one feather at that speed will spin you like a rifle ball ... and Jonathan had flown the first aerobatics of any seagull on earth.
He spared no time that day for talk with other gulls, but flew on past sunset. He discovered the loop, the slow roll, the point roll, the inverted spin, the gull bunt, the pinwheel.
When Jonathan Seagull joined the Flock on the beach, it was full night. He was dizzy and terribly tired. Yet in delight he flew a loop to landing, with a snap roll just before touchdown. When they hear of it, he thought, of the Breakthrough, they'll be wild with joy. How much more there is now to living! Instead of our drab slogging forth and back to the fishing boats, there's a reason to life! We can list ourselves out of ignorance, we can find ourselves as creatures of excellence and intelligence and skill. We can be free! We can learn to fly!
The years head hummed and glowed with promise.
The gulls were flocked into the Council Gathering when he landed, and apparently had been so flocked for sometime. They were, in fact, waiting.
"Jonathan Livingston Seagull! Stand to Centre!" The Elder's words sounded in a voice of highest ceremony. Stand to Centre meant only great shame or great honor. Stand to Centre for honor was the way the gulls' foremost leaders were marked. Of course, he thought, the Breakfast Flock this morning; they saw the Breakthrough! But I want no honors. I have no wish to be leader. I want only to share what I've found, to show those horizons out ahead for us all. He stepped forward.
"Jonathan Livingston Seagull," said the Elder, "Stand to Centre for shame in the sight of your fellow gulls!"
It felt like being hit with a board. His knees went weak, his feathers sagged, there was a roaring in his ears. Centred for shame? Impossible! The Breakthrough! They can't understand! They're wrong, they're wrong!
"...for his reckless irresponsibly," the solemn voice intoned, "violating the dignity and tradition of the Gull Family..."
To be centred for shame meant that he would be cast out of gull society, banished to the solitary life on the Far Cliffs.
"...one day, Jonathan Livingston Seagull, you shall learn that irresponsibly? My brothers!" he cried. "Who is more responsible than a gull who finds and follows a meaning, a higher purpose for life? For a thousand years we have scrabbled after fish heads, but now we have a chance, let me show you what I've found..."
The Flock might as well have been stone.
"The Brotherhood is broken," the gulls intoned together, and with one accord they solemnly closed their ears and turned their backs upon him.
Jonathan Seagull spent the rest of his days alone, but he flew way out beyond the Far Cliffs. His one sorrow was not solitude, it was that other gulls refused to believe the glory of flight that awaited them; they refused to open their eyes and see.
He learned more each day. He learned that a streamlined high-speed dive could bring him to find the rare and tasty fish that schooled ten feet below the surface of the ocean: he no longer needed fishing boats and stale bread for survival. He learned to sleep in the air, setting a course at night across the offshore wind, covering a hundred miles from sunset to sunrise. With the same inner control, he flew through heavy sea-fogs and climbed above them into dazzling clear skies... in the very times when every other gull stood on the ground, knowing nothing but mist and rain. He learned to ride the high winds far inland, to dine there on delicate insects.
What he had once hoped for the Flock, he now gained for himself alone; he learned to fly, and was not sorry for the price that he had paid. Jonathan Seagull discovered that boredom and fear and anger are the reasons that a gull's life is so short, and with these gone from his thought, he lived a long and fine life indeed.
They came in the evening, then, and found Jonathan gliding peaceful and alone through his beloved sky. The two gulls that appeared at his wings were pure as starlight, and the glow from them was gentle and friendly in the high night air. But most lovely of all was the skill with which they flew, their wingtips moving a precise and constant inch from his own.
Without a word, Jonathan put them to his test, a test that no gull had ever passed. He twisted his wings, slowed to a single mile per hour above stall. The two radiant birds slowed with him, smoothly, locked in position. They knew about slow flying.
He folded his wings, rolled, and dropped in a dive to a hundred and ninety miles per hour. They dropped with him, streaking down in flawless formation.
At last he turned that speed straight up into a long vertical slow-roll. The rolled with him, smiling.
He recovered to level flight and was quiet for a time before he spoke. "Very well," he said, "who are you?"
"We're from your Flock, Jonathan. We are your brothers." The words were strong and calm. "We've come to take you higher, to take you home."
"Home I have none. Flock I have none. I am Outcast And we fly now at the peak of the Great Mountain Wind Beyond a few hundred feet, I can lift this old body no higher."
"But you can, Jonathan. For you have learned. One school is finished, and the time has come to another to begin."
As it had shined across him all his life, so understanding lighted that moment for Jonathan Seagull. they were right. He could fly higher, and it was time to go home.
He gave one last long look across the sky, across that magnificent silver land where he had learned so much.
"I'm ready," he said at last.
And Jonathan Livingston Seagull rose with the two star bright gulls to disappear into a perfect dark sky.
Part Two
So this is heaven, he thought, and he had to smile at himself. It was hardly respectful to analyse heaven in the very moment that one flies up to enter it.
As he came from Earth now, above the clouds and in close formation with the two brilliant gulls, he saw that his own body was growing as bright as theirs. True, the same young Jonathan Seagull was there that has always lived behind his golden eyes, but the outer form had changed.
It felt like a seagull body, but already it flew far better than his old one had ever flown. Why, with half the effort, he though, I'll get twice the speed, twice the performance of my best days on earth!
His feathers glowed brilliant white now, and his wings were smooth and perfect as sheets of polished silver. He began, delightedly, to learn about them, to press power into these new wings.
At two hundred fifty miles per hour he felt that he was nearing his level-flight maximum speed. At two hundred seventy-three he thought that he was flying as fast as he could fly, and he was ever so faintly disappointed. There was a limit to how much the new body could do, and though it was much faster than his old level-flight record, it was still a limit that would take great effort to crack. In heaven, he though, there should be no limits.
The clouds broke apart, his escorts called, "Happy landings, Jonathan," and vanished into thin air.
He was flying over a sea, toward a jagged shoreline. A very few seagulls were working the up-draughts on the cliffs. Away off to the north, at the horizon itself, flew a few others. New sights, new thoughts, new questions. Why so few gulls? Heaven should be flocked with gulls! And why am I so tired, all at once? Gulls in heaven are never supposed to be tired, or to sleep.
Where had he heard that? The memory of his life on Earth was falling away. Earth had been a place where he had learned much, of course, but the details were blurred - something about fighting for food, and being Outcast.
The dozen gulls by the shoreline came to meet him, none saying a word. He felt only that he was welcome and that this was home. It had been a big day for him, a day whose sunrise he no longer remembered.
He turned to land on the beach, beating his wings to stop an inch in the air, then dropping lightly to the sand. The other gulls landed too, but not one of them so much as flapped a feather. they swung into the wind, bright wings outstretched, then somehow they changed the curve of their feathers until they had stopped in the same instant their feet touched the ground. It was beautiful control, but now Jonathan was just too tired to try it. Standing there on the beach still without a word spoken, he was asleep.
In the days that followed, Jonathan saw that there was as much to learn about flight in this place as there had been in the life behind him. But with a difference. Here were gulls who thought as he thought. For each of them, the most important thing in living was to reach out and touch perfection in that which they most loved to do, and that was to fly. They were magnificent birds, all of them, and they spent hour after hour every day practicing flight, testing advanced aeronautics.
For a long time Jonathan forgot about the world that he had come from, that place where the Flock lived with its eyes tightly shut to the joy of flight, using its wings as means to the end of finding and fighting for food. But now and then, just for a moment, he remembered.
He remembered it one morning when he was out with his instructor, while they rested on the beach after a session of folded-wing snap rolls.
"Where is everybody, Sullivan?" He asked silently, quite at home now with the easy telepathy that these gulls used instead of screes and gracks. "Why aren't there more of us here? Why, where I came from there were..."
"... thousands and thousands of gulls. I know." Sullivan shook his head. "The only answer I can see, Jonathan, is that you are pretty well a one-in-a-million bird. Most of us came along ever so slowly. we went from one world into another that was almost exactly like it, forgetting right away where we had come from, not caring where we were headed, living for the moment. Do you have any idea how many lives we must have gone though before we even got the first idea that there is more to life than eating, or fighting, or power in the Flock? A thousand lives, Jon, ten thousand! And then another hundred lives until we began to learn that there is such a thing as perfection, and another hundred again to get the idea that our purpose for living is to find that perfection and show it forth. The same rule holds for us now, of course; we choose our next world through what we learn in this one. Learn nothing, and the next world is the same as this one, all the same limitations and lead weights to overcome."
he stretched his wings and turned to face the wind. "But you, Jon." he said, "learned so much at one time that you don't have to go through a thousand lives to reach this one."
In moment they were airborne again, practicing. The formation point-rolls were difficult, for through the inverted half Jonathan had to think upside down, reversing the curve of his wing and reversing it exactly in harmony with his instructor's.
"Let's try it again," Sullivan said, over and over: "Let's try it again." Then, finally, "Good." And they began practicing outside loops.
One evening the gulls that were not nightly-flying stood together on the sand, thinking. Jonathon took all his courage in his head and walked to the Elder Gull, who, it was said, was soon to be moving beyond this world.
"Chiang..." he said, a little nervously.
The old seagull looked at him kindly. "Yes, my son?" Instead of being enfeebled by age, the Elder had been empowered by it; he could out fly any gull in the Flock, and he had learned skills that the others were only gradually coming to know.
"Chiang, this world isn't heaven at all, is it?"
The Elder smiled in the moonlight. "You are learning again, Jonathan Seagull," he said.
Well, what happens from here? Where are we going? Is there no such place as heaven?"
"No, Jonathan, there is no such place. Heaven is not a place, and it is not a time. Heaven is being perfect." He was silent for a moment. "You are a very fast flier, aren't you?"
"I... I enjoy speed," Jonathan said, taken aback but proud that the elder had noticed.
"You will begin to touch heaven, Jonathan, in the moment that you touch perfect speed. And that isn't flying a thousand miles an hour, or a million, or flying at the speed of light. Because any number is a limit, and perfection doesn't have limits. Perfect speed, my son, is being there."
Without warning, Chiang vanished and appeared at the waters edge fifty feet away, all in the flicker of an instant. Then he vanished again and stood, in the same millisecond, at Jonathan's shoulder. "It's kind of fun," he said.
Jonathan was dazzled. He forgot to ask about heaven. "How do you do that? What does it feel like? How far can you go?"
"You can go to any place and to any time that you wish to go," the Elder said. "I've gone everywhere and every place I can think of." He looked across the sea. "It's strange. The gulls who scorn perfection for the sake of travel go nowhere, slowly. Those who put aside travel for the sake of perfection go anywhere, instantly. Remember, Jonathan, heaven isn't a place or a time because place and time are so very meaningless. Heaven is..."
"Can you teach me to fly like that?" Jonathan Seagull trembled to conquer another unknown.
"Of course, if you wish to learn."
"I wish. When can we start?"
"We could start now, if you'd like."
"I want to learn to fly like that," Jonathan said, and a strange light glowed in his eyes. "Tell me what to do."
Chiang spoke slowly and watched the younger gull ever so carefully. "To fly as fast as thought, to anywhere that is," he said, "you must begin by knowing that you have already arrived..."
The trick, according to Chiang, was for Jonathan to stop seeing himself as trapped inside a limited body that had a forty-two-inch wingspan and performance that could be plotted on a chart. The trick was to know that his true nature lived, as perfect as an unwritten number, everywhere at once across space and time.
Jonathan kept at it, fiercely, day after day, from before sunrise till past midnight. And for all his effort he moved not a feather-width from his spot.
"Forget about faith!" Chiang said it time and again. "You didn't need faith to fly, you needed to understand flying. This is just the same. Now try again..."
Then one day Jonathan, standing on the shore, closing his eyes, concentrating, all in a flash knew what Chiang had been telling him. "Why, that's true! I am a perfect, unlimited gull!" He felt a great shock of joy.
"Good!" sad Chiang, and there was victory in his voice.
Jonathan opened his eyes. He stood alone with the Elder on a totally different seashore - trees down to the water's edge, twin yellow suns turning overhead.
"At last you've got the idea," Chiang said, "but your control needs a little work..."
Jonathan was stunned. "Where are we?"
Utterly unimpressed with the strange surroundings, the Elder brushed the question aside. "We're on some planet, obviously, with a green sky and a double star for a sun."
Jonathan made a scree of delight, the first sound he had made since he had left Earth. "IT WORKS!"
"Well, of course it works, Jon." said Chaing. "It always works, when you know what you're doing. Now about your control..."
By the time they returned, it was dark. The other gulls looked at Jonathan with awe in their golden eyes, for they have seen him disappear from where he had been rooted for so long.
He stood their congratulations for less than a minute, "I'm the newcomer here! I'm just beginning! It is I who must learn from you!"
"I wonder about that, Jon," said Sullivan, standing near. "You have less fear of learning than any gull I've seen in the thousand years." The Flock fell silent, and Jonathan fidgeted in embarrassment.
"We can start working with time if you wish," Chiang said, "till you can fly the past and the future. And then you will be ready to begin the most difficult, the most powerful, the most fun of all. You will be ready to begin to fly up and know the meaning of kindness and of love."
A month went by, or something that felt about like a month, and Jonathan learned at the tremendous rate. He always had learned quickly from ordinary experience, and now, the special student of the Elder Himself, he took in new ideas like a streamlined feathered computer.
But then the day came that Chiang vanished. He had been talking quietly with them all, exhorting them never to stop their learning and their practising and their striving to understand more of the perfect invisible principle of all life. Then, as he spoke, his feathers went brighter and brighter and at last turned so brilliant that no gull could look upon him.
"Jonathan," he said, and these were the last words that he spoke, "keep working on love."
When they could see again, Chiang was gone.
As the days went past, Jonathan found himself thinking time and time again of the Earth from which he had come. If he had known there just a tenth, just a hundredth, of what he knew here, how much more life would have meant! He stood on the sand and fell to wondering if there was a gull back there who might be struggling to break out of his limits, to see the meaning of flight beyond a way of travel to get a breadcrumb from a rowboat. Perhaps there might even have been one made Outcast for speaking his truth in the face of the Flock. And the more Jonathan practised his kindness lessons, and the more he worked to know the nature of love, the more he wanted to go back to Earth. For in spite of his lonely past, Jonathan Seagull was born to be an instructor, and his own way of demonstrating love was to give something of the truth that he had seen to a gull who asked only a chance to see truth for himself.
Sullivan, adept now at thought-speed flight and helping the others to learn, was doubtful.
"Jon, you were Outcast once. Why do you think that any of the gulls in your old time would listen to you now? You know the proverb, and it's true: The gull sees farthest who flies highest. Those gulls where you came from are standing on the ground, squawking and fighting among themselves. They're a thousand miles from heaven - and you say you want to show them heaven from where they stand! Jon, they can't see their own wingtips! Stay here. Help the new gulls here, the ones who are high enough to see what you have to tell them." He was quiet for a moment, and then he said, "What if Chiang had gone back to his old worlds? Where would you have been today?"
The last point was the telling one, and Sullivan was right. The gull goes farthest who flies highest.
Jonathan stayed and worked with the new birds coming in, who were all very bright and quick with their lessons. but the old feeling came back, and he couldn't help but think that there might be one or two gulls back on Earth who would be able to learn, too. How much more would he have known by now if Chaing had come to him on the day that he was Outcast!
"Sully, I must go back," he said at last. "Your students are doing well. They can help you bring the newcomers along."
Sullivan sighed, but he did not argue. "I think I'll miss you, Jonathan," was all that he said.
"Sully, for shame!" Jonathan said in reproach, "and don't be foolish! What are we trying to practise every day? If our friendship depends on things like space and time, then when we finally overcome space and time, we've destroyed our own brotherhood! But overcome space, and all we have left is Here. Overcome time, and all we have left is Now. And in the middle of Here and Now, don't you think that we might see each other once or twice?"
Sullivan Seagull laughed in spite of himself. "You crazy bird," he said kindly. "If anybody can show someone on the ground how to see a thousand miles, it will be Jonathan Livingston Seagull.: He looked at the sand. "Good-bye, Jon, my friend."
"Good-bye, Sully. We'll meet again." And with that, Jonathan held in thought an image of the great gull-flocks on the shore of another time, and he knew with practiced ease that he was not bone and feather but a perfect idea of freedom and fight, limited by nothing at all.
Fletcher Lynd Seagull was still quite young, but already he knew that no bird had ever been so harshly treated by any Flock, or with so much injustice.
"I don't care what they say," he thought fiercely, and his vision blurred as he flew out toward the Far Cliffs. "There's so much more to flying than just flapping around from place to place! A.....a....mosquito does that! One little barrel-roll around the Elder Gull, just for fun, and I'm Outcast! Are they blind? Can't they see? Can't they think of the glory that it'll be when we really learn to fly?
"I don't care what they think. I'll show them what flying is! I'll be pure Outlaw, if that's the way they want it. And I'll make them so sorry..."
The voice came inside his own head, and though it was very gentle, it startled him so much that he faltered and stumbled in the air.
"Don't be harsh on them, Fletcher Seagull. In casting you out, the other gulls have only hurt themselves, and one day they will know this, and one day they will see what you see. Forgive them, and help them to understand."
An inch from his right wingtip flew the most brilliant white gull in all the world, gliding effortlessly along, not moving a feather, at what was very nearly Fletcher's top speed.
There was a moment of chaos in the young bird.
"What's going on? Am I mad? Am I dead? What is this?"
Low and calm, the voice went on within his thought, demanding an answer. "Fletcher Lynd Seagull, do you want to fly?"
"YES, I WANT TO FLY!"
"Fletcher Lynd Seagull, do you want to fly so much that you will forgive the Flock, and learn, and go back to them one day and work to help them know?"
There was no lying to this magnificent skilful being, no matter how proud or how hurt a bird was Fletcher Seagull.
"I do," he said softly.
"Then, Fletch," that bright creature said to him, and the voice was very kind, "Let's begin with Level Flight..."
Part Three
Jonathan circled slowly over the Far Cliffs, watching. This rough young Fletcher Gull ws very nearly a perfect flight-student. He was strong and light and quick in the air, but far and away more important, he had a blazing drive to learn to fly.
Here he came this minute, a blurred grey shape roaring out of a dive, flashing one hundred fifty miles per hour past his instructor. He pulled abruptly into another try at a sixteen-pint vertical slow roll, calling the points out loud.
"...eight ...nine ...ten ...see-Jonathan-I'm-running-out-of-airspeed ...eleven ...I-want-good-sharp-stops-like-yours ...twelve ...but-blast-it-I-just-can't-make ...thirteen ...these-last-three-points ...without ...fourteen ...aaakkk!"
Fletcher's whipstall at the top was all the worse for his rage and fury at failing. He fell backward, tumbled, slammed savagely into and inverted spin, and recovered at last, panting, a hundred feet below his instructor's level.
"You're wasting your time with me, Jonathan! I'm too dumb! I'm too stupid! I try and try, but I'll never get it!"
Jonathan Seagull looked down at him and nodded. "You'll certainly never get it as long as you make that pull-up so hard. Fletcher, you lost forty miles an hour in the entry! You have to be smooth! Firm but smooth, remember?"
He dropped down to the level of the younger gull. "Let's try it together now, in formation. And pay attention to that pull-up. It's a smooth, easy entry"
By the end of three months Jonathan had six other students, Outcasts all, yet curious about this strange new idea of flight for the joy of flying.
Still, it was easier for them to practice high performance than it was to understand the reason behind it.
"Each of us is in truth an idea of the Great Gull, and unlimited idea of freedom," Jonathan would stay in the evenings on the beach, "and precision flying is a step toward expressing our real nature. Everything that limits us where we have to put aside. That's why all this high-speed practice, and low-speed and aerobatics..."
...and his students would be asleep, exhausted from the day's flying. They liked the practice, because it was fast and exciting and it fed a hunger for learning that grew with every lesson. But not one of them, not even Fletcher Lynd Gull, had come to believe that the flight of ideas could possibly be as real as this flight of wind and feather.
"Your whole body, from wingtip to wingtip," Jonathan would say, other times, "is nothing more than your thought itself, in a form you can see. Break the chains of your thought, and you break the chains of your body, too . . ." But no matter how he said it, it sounded like pleasant fiction, and they needed more to sleep.
It was only a month later that Jonathan said the time had come to return to the Flock.
"We're not ready!" said Henry Calvin Gull. "We're not welcome! We're Outcast! We can't force ourselves to go where we're not welcome, can we?"
"We're free to go where we wish and to be what we are," Jonathan answered, and he lifted from the sand and turned east, toward the home grounds of the Flock.
There was a brief anguish among his students, for it is the Law of the Flock that an Outcast never returns, and the Law had not been broken once in ten thousand years. The Law said stay; Jonathan said go; and by now he was a mile across the water. If they waited much longer, he would reach a hostile Flock alone.
"Well, we don't have to obey the law if we're not a part of the Flock, do we?" Fletcher said, rather self-consciously. "Besides, if there's a fight, we'll be a lot more help there than here."
And so they flew in from the west that morning, eight of them in a double-diamond formation, wingtips almost overlapping. They came across the Flock's Council Beach at a hundred thirty-five miles per hour, Jonathan in the lead, Fletcher smoothly at hi right wing, Henry Calvin struggling gamely at his left. Then the whole formation rolled slowly to the right, as one bird ... level ... to ... inverted ... to ... level, the wind whipping over them all.
The squawks and grockles of everyday life in the Flock were cut off as though the formation were a giant knife, and eight thousand gull-eyes watched, without a single blink. One by one, each of the eight birds pulled sharply upward into a landing on the sand. Then as though this sort of thing happened every day, Jonathan Seagull began his critiqué of the flight.
"To begin with," he said with a wry smile, "you were all a bit late on the join-up . . ."
It went like lightning through the Flock. Those birds are Outcast! And they have returned! And that . . . that can't happen! Fletcher's predictions of battle melted in the Flock's confusion.
"Well, O.K., they may be Outcast," said some of the younger gulls, "but where on earth did they learn to fly like that?"
It took almost an hour for the Word of the Elder to pass through the Flock: Ignore them. The gull who speaks to an Outcast is himself Outcast. The gull who looks upon an Outcast breaks the Law of the Flock.
Grey-feathered backs were turned upon Jonathan from that moment onward, but he didn't appear to notice. He held his practice sessions directly over the Council Beach and for the first time began pressing his students to the limit of their ability.
"Martin Gull!" he shouted across the sky. "You say you know low-speed flying. You know nothing till you prove it! FLY!"
So quiet little Martin William Seagull, startled to be caught under his instructor's fire, surprised himself and became a wizard of low speeds. In the lightest breeze he could curve his feathers to lift himself without a single flap of wing from sand to cloud and down again.
Likewise Charles-Roland Gull flew the Great Mountain Wind to twenty-four thousand feet, came down blue from the cold thin air, amazed and happy, determined to go still higher tomorrow.
Fletcher Seagull, who loved aerobatics like no one else, conquered his sixteen-point vertical slow roll and the next day topped it off with a triple cartwheel, his feathers flashing white sunlight to a beach from which more than one furtive eye watched.
Every hour Jonathan was there at the side of each of his students, demonstrating, suggesting, pressuring, guiding. He flew with them through night and cloud and storm, for the sport of it, while the Flock huddled miserably on the ground.
When the flying was done, the students relaxed on the sand, and in time they listened more closely to Jonathan. He had some crazy ideas that they couldn't understand, but then he had some good ones that they could.
Gradually, in the night, another circle formed around the circle of students - a circle of curious gulls listening in the darkness for hours on end, not wishing to see or be seen of one another, fading away before daybreak.
It was a month after the Return that the first gull of the Flock crossed the line and asked to learn how to fly. In his asking, Terrence Lowell Gull became a condemned bird, labeled Outcast; and the eighth of Jonathan's students.
The next night from the Flock came Kirk Maynard Gull, wobbling across the sand, dragging his left wing, to collapse at Jonathan's feet. "Help me," he said very quietly, speaking in the way that the dying speak. "I want to fly more than anything else in the world . . . "
"Come along then," said Jonathan. "Climb with me away from the ground, and we'll begin"
"You don't understand. My wing. I can't move my wing."
"Maynard Gull, you have the freedom to be yourself, your true self, here and now, and nothing can stand in your way. It is the Law of the Great Gull, the Law that Is."
"Are you saying I can fly?"
"I say you are free."
As simply and as quickly as that, Kirk Maynard Gull spread his wings, effortlessly, and lifted into the dark night air. The Flock was roused from sleep by his cry, as loud as he could scream it, from five hundred feet up; "I can fly! Listen! I CAN FLY!"
By sunrise there were nearly a thousand birds standing outside the circle of students, looking curiously at Maynard. They don't care whether they were seen or not, and they listened, trying to understand Jonathan Seagull.
He spoke of very simple things - that it is right for a gull to fly, that freedom is the very nature of his being, that whatever stands against that freedom must be set aside, be it ritual or superstition or limitation in any form.
"Set aside," came a voice from the multitude, "even if it be the Law of the Flock?"
"The only true law is that which leads to freedom," Jonathan said. "There is no other."
"How do you expect us to fly as you fly?" came another voice. "You are special and gifted and divine, above other birds."
"Look at Fletcher! Lowell! Charles-Roland! Are they also special and gifted and divine? No more than you are, no more than I am. The only difference, the very only one, is that they have begun to understand what they really are and have begun to practise it."
His students, save Fletcher, shifted uneasily. They hadn't realised that this was what they were doing.
the crowd grew larger every day, coming to question, to idolize, to scorn.
"They are saying in the Flock that if you are not the Son of the Great Gull Himself," Fletcher told Jonathan one morning after the Advanced Speed Practice, "then you are a thousand years ahead of your time."
Jonathan sighed. The price of being misunderstood, he thought. They call you devil or they call you god. "What do you think, Fletch? Are we ahead of our time?"
A long silence. "Well, this kind of flying has always been here to be learned by anybody who wanted to discover it; that's got nothing to do with time. We're ahead of the fashion, maybe. Ahead of the way that most gulls fly."
"That's something," Jonathan said, rolling to glide inverted for a while. "That's not half as bad as being ahead of our time."
It happened just a week later. Fletcher was demonstrating the elements of high-speed flying to a class of new students. He had just pulled out of his dive from seven thousand feet, a long grey streak firing a few inches above the beach, when a young bird on its first flight glided directly into his path, calling for its mother. With a tenth of a second to avoid the youngster, Fletcher Lynd Seagull snapped hard to the left, at something over two hundred miles per hour, into a cliff of solid granite.
It was, for him, as though the rock were a giant hard door into another world. A burst of fear and shock and black as he hit, and then he was adrift in a strange strange sky, forgetting, remembering, forgetting; afraid and sad and sorry, terribly sorry.
The voice came to him as it had in the first day that he had met Jonathan Livingston Seagull.
"The trick, Fletcher, is that we are trying to overcome our limitations in order, patiently. We don't tackle flying through rock until a little later in the program."
"Jonathan!"
"Also known as the Son of the Great Gull," his instructor said dryly.
"What are you doing here? The cliff! Haven't . I . . . didn't I . . . die?"
"Oh, Fletch, come on. Think. If you are talking to me now, then obviously you didn't die, did you? What you did manage to do was to change your level of consciousness rather abruptly. It's your choice now. You can stay here and learn on this level - which is quite a bit higher than the one you left, by the way - or you can go back and keep working with the Flock. The Elders were hoping for some kind of disaster, but they're startled that you obliged them so well."
"I want to go back to the Flock, of course. I've barely begun with the new group!"
"Very well, Fletcher. Remember what we were saying about one's body being nothing more than thought itself . . . ?"
Fletcher shook his head and stretched his wings and opened his eyes at the base of the cliff, in the centre of the whole Flock assembled. There was a great clamour of squawks and screes from the crowd when first he moved.
"He lives! He that was dead lives!"
"Touched him with a wingtip! Brought him to life! The Son of the Great Gull!"
"NO! He denies it! He's a devil! DEVIL! Come to break the Flock!"
There were four thousand gulls in the crowd, frightened at what had happened, and the cry DEVIL! went through them like the wind of an ocean storm. Eyes glazed, beaks sharp, they closed in to destroy.
"Would you feel better if we left, Fletcher?" asked Jonathan.
"I certainly wouldn't object too much if we did . . . "
Instantly they stood together a half-mile away, and the flashing breaks of the mob closed on empty air.
"Why is it, " Jonathan puzzled, "that the hardest thing in the world is to convince a bird that he is free, and that he can prove it for himself if he'd just spend a little time practising? Why should that be so hard?"
Fletcher still blinked from the change of scene. "What did you just do? How did we get here?"
"You did say you wanted to be out of the mob, didn't you?"
Yes! But how did you . . ."
"Like everything else, Fletcher. Practice"
By morning the Flock had forgotten its insanity, but Fletcher had not. "Jonathan, remember what you said a long time ago, about loving the Flock enough to return to it and help it learn?"
"Yes!"
"I don't understand how you manage to love a mob of birds that has just tried to kill you."
"Oh, Fletch, you don't love that! You don't love hatred and evil, of course. You have to practise and see the real gull, the good in everyone of them, and to help them see it in themselves. That's what I mean by love. It's fun, when you get the knack of it.
"I remember a fierce young bird, for instance, Fletcher Lynd Seagull, his name. Just been made Outcast, ready to fight the Flock to the death, getting a start on building his own bitter hell out on the Far Cliffs. And here he is today building his own heaven instead, and leading the whole Flock in that direction."
Fletcher turned to his instructor, and there was a moment of fright in his eye. "Me leading? What do you mean, me leading? You're the instructor here. You couldn't leave!"
"Couldn't I? Don't you think that there might be other flocks, other Fletchers, that need an instructor more than this one, that's on its way toward the light?"
"Me? Jon, I'm just a plain seagull, and you're . . ."
". . . the only Son of the Great Gull, I suppose?" Jonathan sighed and looked out to sea. "You don't need me any longer.. You need to keep finding yourself, a little more each day, that real, unlimited Fletcher Seagull. he's your instructor. You need to understand him and to practice him."
A moment later Jonathan's body wavered in the air, shimmering, and began to go transparent. "Don't let them spread silly rumours about me, or make me a god. O.K., Fletch? I'm a seagull, I like to fly, maybe . . ."
"JONATHAN!"
"Poor Fletch. Don't believe what your eyes are telling you. All they show is limitation. Look with your understanding, find out what you already know, and you'll see the way to fly."
The shimmering stopped. Jonathan Seagull had vanished into empty air.
After a time, Fletcher Gull dragged himself into the sky and faced a brand-new group of students, eager for their first lesson.
"To begin with," he said heavily, "you've got to understand that a seagull is an unlimited idea of freedom, an image of the Great Gull, and your whole body, from wingtip to wingtip, is nothing more than your thought itself."
The young gulls looked at him quizzically. Come on, they thought, this doesn't sound like a rule for a loop.
Fletcher sighed and started over. "Hmm. Ah . . very well," he said, and eyed them critically. "Let's begin with Level Flight." And saying that, he understood all at once that his friend had quite honestly been no more divine than Fletcher himself.
No limits, Jonathan? he thought. Well, then, the time's not distant when I'm going to appear out of thin air on your beach, and show you a thing or two about flying!
And though he tried to look properly severe for his students, Fletcher Seagull suddenly saw them all as they really were, just for a moment, and he more than liked, he loved what it was he saw. No limits, Jonathan? he thought, and he smiled. His race to learn had begun.
Jonathan Livingston Seagull (ISBN 0380012863), written by Richard Bach, is a fable about a seagull learning about life and flight, and a homily about self-perfection and self-sacrifice. First published in 1970 as «Jonathan Livingston Seagull — a story”, it became a favourite on American university campuses. By the end of 1972, over a million copies were in print, Reader’s Digest had published a condensed version, and the book reached the top of the New York Times bestseller list where it remained for 38 weeks. It is still in print as of 2006.
Bach said the book was inspired by John H. "Johnny" Livingston, a barnstorming pilot during the 1920's and 1930's.
The novel tells the story of Jonathan Livingston Seagull, a seagull who is seized by a passion for flight. He pushes himself, learning everything he can about flying, until finally his unwillingness to conform results in his expulsion from his clan. An outcast, he continues to learn, becomes increasingly pleased with his abilities and leads an idyllic life.
Plot Summary
One day, Jonathan is met by two seagulls, who take him to a «higher plane of existence”, where he meets other gulls who love to fly. He discovers that his sheer tenacity and desire to learn make him «a gull in a million”. Jonathan befriends the wisest gull in this new place, named Chiang, who takes him beyond his previous learning, teaching him how to move instantaneously to anywhere else in the universe. The secret, Chiang says, is to «begin by knowing that you have already arrived”.
Not satisfied with his new life, Jonathan returns to Earth to find others like him, to bring them his learning and to spread his love for flight. His mission is successful, gathering around him others who have been outlawed for not conforming. Ultimately, one of his students, Fletcher Lynd Seagull, becomes a teacher in his own right and Jonathan leaves to continue his learning. In some ways, this section is as much a story of Fletcher’s realization as of Jonathan’s continued learning.
Philosophy
PHILOSOPHY comes from the Greek word meaning "love of wisdom" It is the study of beliefs and values; a system for guiding life. As we gain wisdom about life and insight into its meaning, we begin to develop our own philosophy of life.
In Richard Bach's story of Jonathan Livingston Seagull, the author presents his philosophy of life. He uses a literary device called symbolism to get his main points across. A symbol is something that represents or stands for an abstract idea.
The New York Times, July 3, 1974
Des Moines, Iowa, July 2 - John H. Livingston, the man who inspired the best-selling novel "Jonathan Livingston Seagull," died Sunday at the Pompano Beach (Fla.) Airport soon after completing his last plane ride.
Richard Bach, a former Iowa Air Guard pilot, has said his best-selling book about a free-wheeling seagull was inspired by Mr. Livingston.
Johnny Livingston, as he was known, moved many years ago from Iowa to Florida. He was one of the country's top pilots during the barnstorming days of the nineteen-twenties and thirties.
From 1928 through 1933, Mr. Livingston won 79 first places, 43 seconds and 15 thirds in 139 races throughout the country, many of them at Cleveland. He won first place and $13,910 in 1928 in a cross-country race from New York to Los Angeles.
Mr. Livingston leaves his wife, Wavelle, two brothers and four sisters
Part One
It was morning, and the new sun sparkled gold across the ripples of a gentle sea.
A mile from shore a fishing boat chummed the water, and the word for Breakfast Flock flashed through the air, till a crowd of a thousand seagulls came to dodge and fight for bits of food. It was another busy day beginning.
But way off alone, out by himself beyond boat and shore, Jonathan Livingston Seagull was practicing. A hundred feet in the sky he lowered his webbed feet, lifted his beak, and strained to hold a painful hard twisted curve through his wings. The curve meant that he would fly slowly, and now he slowed until the wind was a whisper in his face, until the ocean stood still beneath him. He narrowed his eyes in fierce concentration, held his breath, forced one ... single ... more ... inch ... of ... curve .... Then his feathers ruffled, he stalled and fell.
Seagulls, as you know, never falter, never stall. To stall in the air is for them disgraced and it is dishonor.
But Jonathan Livingston Seagull, unashamed, stretching his wings again in that trembling hard curve - slowing, slowing, and stalling once more - was no ordinary bird.
Most gulls didn't bother to learn more than the simplest facts of flight - how to get from shore to food and back again. For most gulls, it is not flying that matters, but eating. For this gull, through, it was not eating that mattered, but flight. More than anything else, Jonathan Livingston Seagull loved to fly.
This kind of thinking, he found, is not the way to make one's self popular with other birds. Even his parents were dismayed as Jonathan spent whole days alone, making hundreds of low-level glides, experimenting.
He didn't know why, for instance, but when he flew at altitudes less than half his wingspan above the water, he could stay in the air longer, with less effort. His glides ended not with the usual feet-down splash into the sea, but with a long flat wake as he touched the surface with his feet tightly streamlined against his body. When he began sliding in to feet-up landings on the beach, then pacing the length of his slide in the sand, his parents were very much dismayed indeed.
Why, Jon, why?" his mother asked. "Why is it so hard to be like the rest of the flock, Jon? Why can't you leave low flying to the pelicans, the albatross? Why don't you eat? Jon, you're bone and feathers!"
"I don't mind being bone and feathers, Mum. I just want to know what I can do in the air and what I can't, that's all. I just want to know."
"See here, Jonathan," said his father, not unkindly. "Winter isn't far away. Boats will be few, and the surface fish will be swimming deep. If you must study, then study food, and how to get it. This flying business is all very well, but you can't eat a glide, you know. Don't you forget that the reason you fly is to eat."
Jonathan nodded obediently. For the next few days he tried to be behave like the other gulls; he really tried, screeching and fighting with the flock around the piers and fishing boats, diving on scraps of fish and bread. But he couldn't make it work.
It's all so pointless, he thought, deliberately dropping a hard-won anchovy to a hungry old gull chasing him. I could be spending all this time learning to fly. There's so much to learn!
It wasn't long before Jonathan Gull was off by himself again, far out at see, hungry, happy, learning.
The subject was speed, and in a week's practice he learned more about speed than the fastest gull alive.
From a thousand feet, flapping his wings as hard as he could, he pushed over into a blazing steep dive toward the waves, and learned why seagulls don't make blazing steep power-dives. In just six seconds he was moving seventy miles per hour, the speed at which one's wing goes unstable on the upstroke.
Time after time it happened. Careful as he was, working at the very peak of his ability, he lost control at high speed.
Climb to a thousand feet. Full power straight ahead first, then push over, flapping, to a vertical dive. Then, every time, his left wing stalled on an upstroke, he'd roll violently left, stall his right wing recovering, and flick like fire into a wild tumbling spin to the right.
He couldn't be careful enough on that upstroke. Ten times he tried, but all ten times, as he passed through seventy miles per hour, he burst into a churning mass of feathers, out of control, crashing down into the water.
They key, he thought as last, dripping wet, must be to hold the wings still at high speeds - to flap up to fifty and then hold the wings still.
From two thousand feet he tried again, rolling into his dive, beak straight down, wings full out and stable from the moment he passed fifty miles per hour. It took tremendous strength, but it worked. In ten seconds he has blurred through ninety miles per hour. Jonathan had set a world speed record for seagulls!
But victory was short-lived. The instant he began his pullout, the instant he changed the angle of his wings, he snapped into that same terrible uncontrolled disaster, and at ninety miles per hour it hit him like dynamite. Jonathan Seagull exploded in midair and smashed down into a brick-hard sea.
When he came to, it was well after dark, and he floated in moonlight on the surface of the ocean. His wings were ragged bars of lead, but the weight of failure was even heavier on his back. He wished, feebly, that the weight could be just enough to drag him gently down to the bottom, and end it all.
As he sank low in the water, a strange hollow voice sounded within him. There's no way around it. I am a seagull. I am limited by my nature. If I were meant to learn so much about flying, I'd have a falcon's short wings, and live on mice instead of fish. My father was right. I must forget this foolishness. I must fly home to the Flock and be content as I am, as a poor limited seagull.
The voice faded, and Jonathan agreed. The place for a seagull at night is on shore, and from this moment forth, he vowed, he would be a normal gull. It would make everyone happier.
He pushed wearily away from the dark water and flew toward the land, grateful for what he had learned about work-saving low-altitude flying.
But no, he thought. I am done with the way I was, I am done with everything I learned. I am a seagull like every other seagull, and I will fly like one. So he climbed painfully to a hundred feet and flapped his wings harder, pressing for shore.
He felt better for his decision to be just another one of the flock. there would be no ties now to the force that had driven him to learn, there would be no more challenge and no more failure. And it was pretty, just to stop thinking, and fly through the dark, toward the lights above the beach.
Dark! The hollow voice cracked in alarm. Seagulls never fly in the dark!
Jonathan was not alert to listen. It's pretty, he thought. The moon and the lights twinkling on the water, throwing out little beacon-trails though the night, and all so peaceful and still...
Get Down! Seagulls never fly in the dark! If you were meant to fly in the dark, you'd have the eyes f an owl! You'd have charts for brains! You'd have a falcon's short wings!
There in the night, a hundred feet in the air, Jonathan Livingston Seagull - blinked. His pain, his resolutions, vanished.
Short Wings. A falcon's short wings!
That's the answer! What a fool I've been! All I need is a tiny little wing, all I need is to fold most of my wings and fly on just the tips alone! Short wings!
He climbed two thousand feet above the black sea, and without a moment for thought of failure and death, he brought his forewings tightly in to his body, left only the narrow swept daggers of his wingtips extended into the wind, and fell into a vertical dive.
The wind was a monster roar at his head. Seventy miles per hour, ninety, a hundred and twenty and faster still. The wing-strain now at a hundred and forty miles per hour wasn't nearly as hard as it had been before at seventy, and with the faintest twist of his wingtips he eased out of the dive and shot above the waves, a grey cannonball under the moon.
He closed his eyes to slits against the wind and rejoiced. A hundred forty miles per hour! and under control! If I dive from five thousand feet instead of two thousand, I wonder how fast...
His vows of a moment before were forgotten, swept away in that great swift wind. Yet he felt guiltless, breaking the promises he had made himself. Such promises are only for the gulls that accept the ordinary. One who has touched excellence in his learning has no need of that kind of promise.
By sunup, Jonathan Gull was practicing again. From five thousand feet the fishing boats were specks in the flat blue water, Breakfast Flock was a faint cloud of dust motes, circling.
He was alive, trembling ever so slightly with delight, proud that his fear was under control. Then without ceremony he hugged in his forewings, extended his short, angled wingtips, and plunged directly toward the sea. By the time he had passed four thousand feet he had reached terminal velocity, the wind was a solid beating wall of sound against which he could move no faster. He was flying now straight down, at two hundred fourteen miles per hour. He swallowed, knowing that if his wings unfolded at that speed he'd be blown into a million tiny shreds of seagull. But the speed was power, and the speed was joy, and the speed was pure beauty.
He began his pullout at a thousand feet, wingtips thudding and blurring in that gigantic wind, the boat and the crowd of gulls tilting and growing meteor-fast, directly in his path.
He couldn't stop; he didn't know yet even how to turn at that speed.
Collision would be instant death.
And so he shut his eyes.
It happened that morning, then, just after sunrise, that Jonathan Livingston Seagull fired directly through the centre of Breakfast Flock, ticking off two hundred twelve miles per hour, eyes closed, in a great roaring shriek of wind and feathers. The Gull of Fortune smiled upon him this once, and no one was killed.
By the time he had pulled his beak straight up into the sky he was still scorching along at a hundred and sixty miles per hour. When he had slowed to twenty and stretched his wings again at last, the boat was a crumb on the sea, four thousand feet below.
His thought was triumph. Terminal velocity! A seagull two hundred fourteen miles per hour! It was a breakthrough, the greatest single moment in the history of the Flock, and in that moment a new age opened for Jonathan Gull. Flying out to his lonely practice area, folding his wings for a dive from eight thousand feet, he set himself at once to discover how to turn.
A single wingtip feather, he found, moved a fraction of an inch, gives a smooth sweeping curve at the tremendous speed. Before he learned this, however, he found that moving more than one feather at that speed will spin you like a rifle ball ... and Jonathan had flown the first aerobatics of any seagull on earth.
He spared no time that day for talk with other gulls, but flew on past sunset. He discovered the loop, the slow roll, the point roll, the inverted spin, the gull bunt, the pinwheel.
When Jonathan Seagull joined the Flock on the beach, it was full night. He was dizzy and terribly tired. Yet in delight he flew a loop to landing, with a snap roll just before touchdown. When they hear of it, he thought, of the Breakthrough, they'll be wild with joy. How much more there is now to living! Instead of our drab slogging forth and back to the fishing boats, there's a reason to life! We can list ourselves out of ignorance, we can find ourselves as creatures of excellence and intelligence and skill. We can be free! We can learn to fly!
The years head hummed and glowed with promise.
The gulls were flocked into the Council Gathering when he landed, and apparently had been so flocked for sometime. They were, in fact, waiting.
"Jonathan Livingston Seagull! Stand to Centre!" The Elder's words sounded in a voice of highest ceremony. Stand to Centre meant only great shame or great honor. Stand to Centre for honor was the way the gulls' foremost leaders were marked. Of course, he thought, the Breakfast Flock this morning; they saw the Breakthrough! But I want no honors. I have no wish to be leader. I want only to share what I've found, to show those horizons out ahead for us all. He stepped forward.
"Jonathan Livingston Seagull," said the Elder, "Stand to Centre for shame in the sight of your fellow gulls!"
It felt like being hit with a board. His knees went weak, his feathers sagged, there was a roaring in his ears. Centred for shame? Impossible! The Breakthrough! They can't understand! They're wrong, they're wrong!
"...for his reckless irresponsibly," the solemn voice intoned, "violating the dignity and tradition of the Gull Family..."
To be centred for shame meant that he would be cast out of gull society, banished to the solitary life on the Far Cliffs.
"...one day, Jonathan Livingston Seagull, you shall learn that irresponsibly? My brothers!" he cried. "Who is more responsible than a gull who finds and follows a meaning, a higher purpose for life? For a thousand years we have scrabbled after fish heads, but now we have a chance, let me show you what I've found..."
The Flock might as well have been stone.
"The Brotherhood is broken," the gulls intoned together, and with one accord they solemnly closed their ears and turned their backs upon him.
Jonathan Seagull spent the rest of his days alone, but he flew way out beyond the Far Cliffs. His one sorrow was not solitude, it was that other gulls refused to believe the glory of flight that awaited them; they refused to open their eyes and see.
He learned more each day. He learned that a streamlined high-speed dive could bring him to find the rare and tasty fish that schooled ten feet below the surface of the ocean: he no longer needed fishing boats and stale bread for survival. He learned to sleep in the air, setting a course at night across the offshore wind, covering a hundred miles from sunset to sunrise. With the same inner control, he flew through heavy sea-fogs and climbed above them into dazzling clear skies... in the very times when every other gull stood on the ground, knowing nothing but mist and rain. He learned to ride the high winds far inland, to dine there on delicate insects.
What he had once hoped for the Flock, he now gained for himself alone; he learned to fly, and was not sorry for the price that he had paid. Jonathan Seagull discovered that boredom and fear and anger are the reasons that a gull's life is so short, and with these gone from his thought, he lived a long and fine life indeed.
They came in the evening, then, and found Jonathan gliding peaceful and alone through his beloved sky. The two gulls that appeared at his wings were pure as starlight, and the glow from them was gentle and friendly in the high night air. But most lovely of all was the skill with which they flew, their wingtips moving a precise and constant inch from his own.
Without a word, Jonathan put them to his test, a test that no gull had ever passed. He twisted his wings, slowed to a single mile per hour above stall. The two radiant birds slowed with him, smoothly, locked in position. They knew about slow flying.
He folded his wings, rolled, and dropped in a dive to a hundred and ninety miles per hour. They dropped with him, streaking down in flawless formation.
At last he turned that speed straight up into a long vertical slow-roll. The rolled with him, smiling.
He recovered to level flight and was quiet for a time before he spoke. "Very well," he said, "who are you?"
"We're from your Flock, Jonathan. We are your brothers." The words were strong and calm. "We've come to take you higher, to take you home."
"Home I have none. Flock I have none. I am Outcast And we fly now at the peak of the Great Mountain Wind Beyond a few hundred feet, I can lift this old body no higher."
"But you can, Jonathan. For you have learned. One school is finished, and the time has come to another to begin."
As it had shined across him all his life, so understanding lighted that moment for Jonathan Seagull. they were right. He could fly higher, and it was time to go home.
He gave one last long look across the sky, across that magnificent silver land where he had learned so much.
"I'm ready," he said at last.
And Jonathan Livingston Seagull rose with the two star bright gulls to disappear into a perfect dark sky.
Part Two
So this is heaven, he thought, and he had to smile at himself. It was hardly respectful to analyse heaven in the very moment that one flies up to enter it.
As he came from Earth now, above the clouds and in close formation with the two brilliant gulls, he saw that his own body was growing as bright as theirs. True, the same young Jonathan Seagull was there that has always lived behind his golden eyes, but the outer form had changed.
It felt like a seagull body, but already it flew far better than his old one had ever flown. Why, with half the effort, he though, I'll get twice the speed, twice the performance of my best days on earth!
His feathers glowed brilliant white now, and his wings were smooth and perfect as sheets of polished silver. He began, delightedly, to learn about them, to press power into these new wings.
At two hundred fifty miles per hour he felt that he was nearing his level-flight maximum speed. At two hundred seventy-three he thought that he was flying as fast as he could fly, and he was ever so faintly disappointed. There was a limit to how much the new body could do, and though it was much faster than his old level-flight record, it was still a limit that would take great effort to crack. In heaven, he though, there should be no limits.
The clouds broke apart, his escorts called, "Happy landings, Jonathan," and vanished into thin air.
He was flying over a sea, toward a jagged shoreline. A very few seagulls were working the up-draughts on the cliffs. Away off to the north, at the horizon itself, flew a few others. New sights, new thoughts, new questions. Why so few gulls? Heaven should be flocked with gulls! And why am I so tired, all at once? Gulls in heaven are never supposed to be tired, or to sleep.
Where had he heard that? The memory of his life on Earth was falling away. Earth had been a place where he had learned much, of course, but the details were blurred - something about fighting for food, and being Outcast.
The dozen gulls by the shoreline came to meet him, none saying a word. He felt only that he was welcome and that this was home. It had been a big day for him, a day whose sunrise he no longer remembered.
He turned to land on the beach, beating his wings to stop an inch in the air, then dropping lightly to the sand. The other gulls landed too, but not one of them so much as flapped a feather. they swung into the wind, bright wings outstretched, then somehow they changed the curve of their feathers until they had stopped in the same instant their feet touched the ground. It was beautiful control, but now Jonathan was just too tired to try it. Standing there on the beach still without a word spoken, he was asleep.
In the days that followed, Jonathan saw that there was as much to learn about flight in this place as there had been in the life behind him. But with a difference. Here were gulls who thought as he thought. For each of them, the most important thing in living was to reach out and touch perfection in that which they most loved to do, and that was to fly. They were magnificent birds, all of them, and they spent hour after hour every day practicing flight, testing advanced aeronautics.
For a long time Jonathan forgot about the world that he had come from, that place where the Flock lived with its eyes tightly shut to the joy of flight, using its wings as means to the end of finding and fighting for food. But now and then, just for a moment, he remembered.
He remembered it one morning when he was out with his instructor, while they rested on the beach after a session of folded-wing snap rolls.
"Where is everybody, Sullivan?" He asked silently, quite at home now with the easy telepathy that these gulls used instead of screes and gracks. "Why aren't there more of us here? Why, where I came from there were..."
"... thousands and thousands of gulls. I know." Sullivan shook his head. "The only answer I can see, Jonathan, is that you are pretty well a one-in-a-million bird. Most of us came along ever so slowly. we went from one world into another that was almost exactly like it, forgetting right away where we had come from, not caring where we were headed, living for the moment. Do you have any idea how many lives we must have gone though before we even got the first idea that there is more to life than eating, or fighting, or power in the Flock? A thousand lives, Jon, ten thousand! And then another hundred lives until we began to learn that there is such a thing as perfection, and another hundred again to get the idea that our purpose for living is to find that perfection and show it forth. The same rule holds for us now, of course; we choose our next world through what we learn in this one. Learn nothing, and the next world is the same as this one, all the same limitations and lead weights to overcome."
he stretched his wings and turned to face the wind. "But you, Jon." he said, "learned so much at one time that you don't have to go through a thousand lives to reach this one."
In moment they were airborne again, practicing. The formation point-rolls were difficult, for through the inverted half Jonathan had to think upside down, reversing the curve of his wing and reversing it exactly in harmony with his instructor's.
"Let's try it again," Sullivan said, over and over: "Let's try it again." Then, finally, "Good." And they began practicing outside loops.
One evening the gulls that were not nightly-flying stood together on the sand, thinking. Jonathon took all his courage in his head and walked to the Elder Gull, who, it was said, was soon to be moving beyond this world.
"Chiang..." he said, a little nervously.
The old seagull looked at him kindly. "Yes, my son?" Instead of being enfeebled by age, the Elder had been empowered by it; he could out fly any gull in the Flock, and he had learned skills that the others were only gradually coming to know.
"Chiang, this world isn't heaven at all, is it?"
The Elder smiled in the moonlight. "You are learning again, Jonathan Seagull," he said.
Well, what happens from here? Where are we going? Is there no such place as heaven?"
"No, Jonathan, there is no such place. Heaven is not a place, and it is not a time. Heaven is being perfect." He was silent for a moment. "You are a very fast flier, aren't you?"
"I... I enjoy speed," Jonathan said, taken aback but proud that the elder had noticed.
"You will begin to touch heaven, Jonathan, in the moment that you touch perfect speed. And that isn't flying a thousand miles an hour, or a million, or flying at the speed of light. Because any number is a limit, and perfection doesn't have limits. Perfect speed, my son, is being there."
Without warning, Chiang vanished and appeared at the waters edge fifty feet away, all in the flicker of an instant. Then he vanished again and stood, in the same millisecond, at Jonathan's shoulder. "It's kind of fun," he said.
Jonathan was dazzled. He forgot to ask about heaven. "How do you do that? What does it feel like? How far can you go?"
"You can go to any place and to any time that you wish to go," the Elder said. "I've gone everywhere and every place I can think of." He looked across the sea. "It's strange. The gulls who scorn perfection for the sake of travel go nowhere, slowly. Those who put aside travel for the sake of perfection go anywhere, instantly. Remember, Jonathan, heaven isn't a place or a time because place and time are so very meaningless. Heaven is..."
"Can you teach me to fly like that?" Jonathan Seagull trembled to conquer another unknown.
"Of course, if you wish to learn."
"I wish. When can we start?"
"We could start now, if you'd like."
"I want to learn to fly like that," Jonathan said, and a strange light glowed in his eyes. "Tell me what to do."
Chiang spoke slowly and watched the younger gull ever so carefully. "To fly as fast as thought, to anywhere that is," he said, "you must begin by knowing that you have already arrived..."
The trick, according to Chiang, was for Jonathan to stop seeing himself as trapped inside a limited body that had a forty-two-inch wingspan and performance that could be plotted on a chart. The trick was to know that his true nature lived, as perfect as an unwritten number, everywhere at once across space and time.
Jonathan kept at it, fiercely, day after day, from before sunrise till past midnight. And for all his effort he moved not a feather-width from his spot.
"Forget about faith!" Chiang said it time and again. "You didn't need faith to fly, you needed to understand flying. This is just the same. Now try again..."
Then one day Jonathan, standing on the shore, closing his eyes, concentrating, all in a flash knew what Chiang had been telling him. "Why, that's true! I am a perfect, unlimited gull!" He felt a great shock of joy.
"Good!" sad Chiang, and there was victory in his voice.
Jonathan opened his eyes. He stood alone with the Elder on a totally different seashore - trees down to the water's edge, twin yellow suns turning overhead.
"At last you've got the idea," Chiang said, "but your control needs a little work..."
Jonathan was stunned. "Where are we?"
Utterly unimpressed with the strange surroundings, the Elder brushed the question aside. "We're on some planet, obviously, with a green sky and a double star for a sun."
Jonathan made a scree of delight, the first sound he had made since he had left Earth. "IT WORKS!"
"Well, of course it works, Jon." said Chaing. "It always works, when you know what you're doing. Now about your control..."
By the time they returned, it was dark. The other gulls looked at Jonathan with awe in their golden eyes, for they have seen him disappear from where he had been rooted for so long.
He stood their congratulations for less than a minute, "I'm the newcomer here! I'm just beginning! It is I who must learn from you!"
"I wonder about that, Jon," said Sullivan, standing near. "You have less fear of learning than any gull I've seen in the thousand years." The Flock fell silent, and Jonathan fidgeted in embarrassment.
"We can start working with time if you wish," Chiang said, "till you can fly the past and the future. And then you will be ready to begin the most difficult, the most powerful, the most fun of all. You will be ready to begin to fly up and know the meaning of kindness and of love."
A month went by, or something that felt about like a month, and Jonathan learned at the tremendous rate. He always had learned quickly from ordinary experience, and now, the special student of the Elder Himself, he took in new ideas like a streamlined feathered computer.
But then the day came that Chiang vanished. He had been talking quietly with them all, exhorting them never to stop their learning and their practising and their striving to understand more of the perfect invisible principle of all life. Then, as he spoke, his feathers went brighter and brighter and at last turned so brilliant that no gull could look upon him.
"Jonathan," he said, and these were the last words that he spoke, "keep working on love."
When they could see again, Chiang was gone.
As the days went past, Jonathan found himself thinking time and time again of the Earth from which he had come. If he had known there just a tenth, just a hundredth, of what he knew here, how much more life would have meant! He stood on the sand and fell to wondering if there was a gull back there who might be struggling to break out of his limits, to see the meaning of flight beyond a way of travel to get a breadcrumb from a rowboat. Perhaps there might even have been one made Outcast for speaking his truth in the face of the Flock. And the more Jonathan practised his kindness lessons, and the more he worked to know the nature of love, the more he wanted to go back to Earth. For in spite of his lonely past, Jonathan Seagull was born to be an instructor, and his own way of demonstrating love was to give something of the truth that he had seen to a gull who asked only a chance to see truth for himself.
Sullivan, adept now at thought-speed flight and helping the others to learn, was doubtful.
"Jon, you were Outcast once. Why do you think that any of the gulls in your old time would listen to you now? You know the proverb, and it's true: The gull sees farthest who flies highest. Those gulls where you came from are standing on the ground, squawking and fighting among themselves. They're a thousand miles from heaven - and you say you want to show them heaven from where they stand! Jon, they can't see their own wingtips! Stay here. Help the new gulls here, the ones who are high enough to see what you have to tell them." He was quiet for a moment, and then he said, "What if Chiang had gone back to his old worlds? Where would you have been today?"
The last point was the telling one, and Sullivan was right. The gull goes farthest who flies highest.
Jonathan stayed and worked with the new birds coming in, who were all very bright and quick with their lessons. but the old feeling came back, and he couldn't help but think that there might be one or two gulls back on Earth who would be able to learn, too. How much more would he have known by now if Chaing had come to him on the day that he was Outcast!
"Sully, I must go back," he said at last. "Your students are doing well. They can help you bring the newcomers along."
Sullivan sighed, but he did not argue. "I think I'll miss you, Jonathan," was all that he said.
"Sully, for shame!" Jonathan said in reproach, "and don't be foolish! What are we trying to practise every day? If our friendship depends on things like space and time, then when we finally overcome space and time, we've destroyed our own brotherhood! But overcome space, and all we have left is Here. Overcome time, and all we have left is Now. And in the middle of Here and Now, don't you think that we might see each other once or twice?"
Sullivan Seagull laughed in spite of himself. "You crazy bird," he said kindly. "If anybody can show someone on the ground how to see a thousand miles, it will be Jonathan Livingston Seagull.: He looked at the sand. "Good-bye, Jon, my friend."
"Good-bye, Sully. We'll meet again." And with that, Jonathan held in thought an image of the great gull-flocks on the shore of another time, and he knew with practiced ease that he was not bone and feather but a perfect idea of freedom and fight, limited by nothing at all.
Fletcher Lynd Seagull was still quite young, but already he knew that no bird had ever been so harshly treated by any Flock, or with so much injustice.
"I don't care what they say," he thought fiercely, and his vision blurred as he flew out toward the Far Cliffs. "There's so much more to flying than just flapping around from place to place! A.....a....mosquito does that! One little barrel-roll around the Elder Gull, just for fun, and I'm Outcast! Are they blind? Can't they see? Can't they think of the glory that it'll be when we really learn to fly?
"I don't care what they think. I'll show them what flying is! I'll be pure Outlaw, if that's the way they want it. And I'll make them so sorry..."
The voice came inside his own head, and though it was very gentle, it startled him so much that he faltered and stumbled in the air.
"Don't be harsh on them, Fletcher Seagull. In casting you out, the other gulls have only hurt themselves, and one day they will know this, and one day they will see what you see. Forgive them, and help them to understand."
An inch from his right wingtip flew the most brilliant white gull in all the world, gliding effortlessly along, not moving a feather, at what was very nearly Fletcher's top speed.
There was a moment of chaos in the young bird.
"What's going on? Am I mad? Am I dead? What is this?"
Low and calm, the voice went on within his thought, demanding an answer. "Fletcher Lynd Seagull, do you want to fly?"
"YES, I WANT TO FLY!"
"Fletcher Lynd Seagull, do you want to fly so much that you will forgive the Flock, and learn, and go back to them one day and work to help them know?"
There was no lying to this magnificent skilful being, no matter how proud or how hurt a bird was Fletcher Seagull.
"I do," he said softly.
"Then, Fletch," that bright creature said to him, and the voice was very kind, "Let's begin with Level Flight..."
Part Three
Jonathan circled slowly over the Far Cliffs, watching. This rough young Fletcher Gull ws very nearly a perfect flight-student. He was strong and light and quick in the air, but far and away more important, he had a blazing drive to learn to fly.
Here he came this minute, a blurred grey shape roaring out of a dive, flashing one hundred fifty miles per hour past his instructor. He pulled abruptly into another try at a sixteen-pint vertical slow roll, calling the points out loud.
"...eight ...nine ...ten ...see-Jonathan-I'm-running-out-of-airspeed ...eleven ...I-want-good-sharp-stops-like-yours ...twelve ...but-blast-it-I-just-can't-make ...thirteen ...these-last-three-points ...without ...fourteen ...aaakkk!"
Fletcher's whipstall at the top was all the worse for his rage and fury at failing. He fell backward, tumbled, slammed savagely into and inverted spin, and recovered at last, panting, a hundred feet below his instructor's level.
"You're wasting your time with me, Jonathan! I'm too dumb! I'm too stupid! I try and try, but I'll never get it!"
Jonathan Seagull looked down at him and nodded. "You'll certainly never get it as long as you make that pull-up so hard. Fletcher, you lost forty miles an hour in the entry! You have to be smooth! Firm but smooth, remember?"
He dropped down to the level of the younger gull. "Let's try it together now, in formation. And pay attention to that pull-up. It's a smooth, easy entry"
By the end of three months Jonathan had six other students, Outcasts all, yet curious about this strange new idea of flight for the joy of flying.
Still, it was easier for them to practice high performance than it was to understand the reason behind it.
"Each of us is in truth an idea of the Great Gull, and unlimited idea of freedom," Jonathan would stay in the evenings on the beach, "and precision flying is a step toward expressing our real nature. Everything that limits us where we have to put aside. That's why all this high-speed practice, and low-speed and aerobatics..."
...and his students would be asleep, exhausted from the day's flying. They liked the practice, because it was fast and exciting and it fed a hunger for learning that grew with every lesson. But not one of them, not even Fletcher Lynd Gull, had come to believe that the flight of ideas could possibly be as real as this flight of wind and feather.
"Your whole body, from wingtip to wingtip," Jonathan would say, other times, "is nothing more than your thought itself, in a form you can see. Break the chains of your thought, and you break the chains of your body, too . . ." But no matter how he said it, it sounded like pleasant fiction, and they needed more to sleep.
It was only a month later that Jonathan said the time had come to return to the Flock.
"We're not ready!" said Henry Calvin Gull. "We're not welcome! We're Outcast! We can't force ourselves to go where we're not welcome, can we?"
"We're free to go where we wish and to be what we are," Jonathan answered, and he lifted from the sand and turned east, toward the home grounds of the Flock.
There was a brief anguish among his students, for it is the Law of the Flock that an Outcast never returns, and the Law had not been broken once in ten thousand years. The Law said stay; Jonathan said go; and by now he was a mile across the water. If they waited much longer, he would reach a hostile Flock alone.
"Well, we don't have to obey the law if we're not a part of the Flock, do we?" Fletcher said, rather self-consciously. "Besides, if there's a fight, we'll be a lot more help there than here."
And so they flew in from the west that morning, eight of them in a double-diamond formation, wingtips almost overlapping. They came across the Flock's Council Beach at a hundred thirty-five miles per hour, Jonathan in the lead, Fletcher smoothly at hi right wing, Henry Calvin struggling gamely at his left. Then the whole formation rolled slowly to the right, as one bird ... level ... to ... inverted ... to ... level, the wind whipping over them all.
The squawks and grockles of everyday life in the Flock were cut off as though the formation were a giant knife, and eight thousand gull-eyes watched, without a single blink. One by one, each of the eight birds pulled sharply upward into a landing on the sand. Then as though this sort of thing happened every day, Jonathan Seagull began his critiqué of the flight.
"To begin with," he said with a wry smile, "you were all a bit late on the join-up . . ."
It went like lightning through the Flock. Those birds are Outcast! And they have returned! And that . . . that can't happen! Fletcher's predictions of battle melted in the Flock's confusion.
"Well, O.K., they may be Outcast," said some of the younger gulls, "but where on earth did they learn to fly like that?"
It took almost an hour for the Word of the Elder to pass through the Flock: Ignore them. The gull who speaks to an Outcast is himself Outcast. The gull who looks upon an Outcast breaks the Law of the Flock.
Grey-feathered backs were turned upon Jonathan from that moment onward, but he didn't appear to notice. He held his practice sessions directly over the Council Beach and for the first time began pressing his students to the limit of their ability.
"Martin Gull!" he shouted across the sky. "You say you know low-speed flying. You know nothing till you prove it! FLY!"
So quiet little Martin William Seagull, startled to be caught under his instructor's fire, surprised himself and became a wizard of low speeds. In the lightest breeze he could curve his feathers to lift himself without a single flap of wing from sand to cloud and down again.
Likewise Charles-Roland Gull flew the Great Mountain Wind to twenty-four thousand feet, came down blue from the cold thin air, amazed and happy, determined to go still higher tomorrow.
Fletcher Seagull, who loved aerobatics like no one else, conquered his sixteen-point vertical slow roll and the next day topped it off with a triple cartwheel, his feathers flashing white sunlight to a beach from which more than one furtive eye watched.
Every hour Jonathan was there at the side of each of his students, demonstrating, suggesting, pressuring, guiding. He flew with them through night and cloud and storm, for the sport of it, while the Flock huddled miserably on the ground.
When the flying was done, the students relaxed on the sand, and in time they listened more closely to Jonathan. He had some crazy ideas that they couldn't understand, but then he had some good ones that they could.
Gradually, in the night, another circle formed around the circle of students - a circle of curious gulls listening in the darkness for hours on end, not wishing to see or be seen of one another, fading away before daybreak.
It was a month after the Return that the first gull of the Flock crossed the line and asked to learn how to fly. In his asking, Terrence Lowell Gull became a condemned bird, labeled Outcast; and the eighth of Jonathan's students.
The next night from the Flock came Kirk Maynard Gull, wobbling across the sand, dragging his left wing, to collapse at Jonathan's feet. "Help me," he said very quietly, speaking in the way that the dying speak. "I want to fly more than anything else in the world . . . "
"Come along then," said Jonathan. "Climb with me away from the ground, and we'll begin"
"You don't understand. My wing. I can't move my wing."
"Maynard Gull, you have the freedom to be yourself, your true self, here and now, and nothing can stand in your way. It is the Law of the Great Gull, the Law that Is."
"Are you saying I can fly?"
"I say you are free."
As simply and as quickly as that, Kirk Maynard Gull spread his wings, effortlessly, and lifted into the dark night air. The Flock was roused from sleep by his cry, as loud as he could scream it, from five hundred feet up; "I can fly! Listen! I CAN FLY!"
By sunrise there were nearly a thousand birds standing outside the circle of students, looking curiously at Maynard. They don't care whether they were seen or not, and they listened, trying to understand Jonathan Seagull.
He spoke of very simple things - that it is right for a gull to fly, that freedom is the very nature of his being, that whatever stands against that freedom must be set aside, be it ritual or superstition or limitation in any form.
"Set aside," came a voice from the multitude, "even if it be the Law of the Flock?"
"The only true law is that which leads to freedom," Jonathan said. "There is no other."
"How do you expect us to fly as you fly?" came another voice. "You are special and gifted and divine, above other birds."
"Look at Fletcher! Lowell! Charles-Roland! Are they also special and gifted and divine? No more than you are, no more than I am. The only difference, the very only one, is that they have begun to understand what they really are and have begun to practise it."
His students, save Fletcher, shifted uneasily. They hadn't realised that this was what they were doing.
the crowd grew larger every day, coming to question, to idolize, to scorn.
"They are saying in the Flock that if you are not the Son of the Great Gull Himself," Fletcher told Jonathan one morning after the Advanced Speed Practice, "then you are a thousand years ahead of your time."
Jonathan sighed. The price of being misunderstood, he thought. They call you devil or they call you god. "What do you think, Fletch? Are we ahead of our time?"
A long silence. "Well, this kind of flying has always been here to be learned by anybody who wanted to discover it; that's got nothing to do with time. We're ahead of the fashion, maybe. Ahead of the way that most gulls fly."
"That's something," Jonathan said, rolling to glide inverted for a while. "That's not half as bad as being ahead of our time."
It happened just a week later. Fletcher was demonstrating the elements of high-speed flying to a class of new students. He had just pulled out of his dive from seven thousand feet, a long grey streak firing a few inches above the beach, when a young bird on its first flight glided directly into his path, calling for its mother. With a tenth of a second to avoid the youngster, Fletcher Lynd Seagull snapped hard to the left, at something over two hundred miles per hour, into a cliff of solid granite.
It was, for him, as though the rock were a giant hard door into another world. A burst of fear and shock and black as he hit, and then he was adrift in a strange strange sky, forgetting, remembering, forgetting; afraid and sad and sorry, terribly sorry.
The voice came to him as it had in the first day that he had met Jonathan Livingston Seagull.
"The trick, Fletcher, is that we are trying to overcome our limitations in order, patiently. We don't tackle flying through rock until a little later in the program."
"Jonathan!"
"Also known as the Son of the Great Gull," his instructor said dryly.
"What are you doing here? The cliff! Haven't . I . . . didn't I . . . die?"
"Oh, Fletch, come on. Think. If you are talking to me now, then obviously you didn't die, did you? What you did manage to do was to change your level of consciousness rather abruptly. It's your choice now. You can stay here and learn on this level - which is quite a bit higher than the one you left, by the way - or you can go back and keep working with the Flock. The Elders were hoping for some kind of disaster, but they're startled that you obliged them so well."
"I want to go back to the Flock, of course. I've barely begun with the new group!"
"Very well, Fletcher. Remember what we were saying about one's body being nothing more than thought itself . . . ?"
Fletcher shook his head and stretched his wings and opened his eyes at the base of the cliff, in the centre of the whole Flock assembled. There was a great clamour of squawks and screes from the crowd when first he moved.
"He lives! He that was dead lives!"
"Touched him with a wingtip! Brought him to life! The Son of the Great Gull!"
"NO! He denies it! He's a devil! DEVIL! Come to break the Flock!"
There were four thousand gulls in the crowd, frightened at what had happened, and the cry DEVIL! went through them like the wind of an ocean storm. Eyes glazed, beaks sharp, they closed in to destroy.
"Would you feel better if we left, Fletcher?" asked Jonathan.
"I certainly wouldn't object too much if we did . . . "
Instantly they stood together a half-mile away, and the flashing breaks of the mob closed on empty air.
"Why is it, " Jonathan puzzled, "that the hardest thing in the world is to convince a bird that he is free, and that he can prove it for himself if he'd just spend a little time practising? Why should that be so hard?"
Fletcher still blinked from the change of scene. "What did you just do? How did we get here?"
"You did say you wanted to be out of the mob, didn't you?"
Yes! But how did you . . ."
"Like everything else, Fletcher. Practice"
By morning the Flock had forgotten its insanity, but Fletcher had not. "Jonathan, remember what you said a long time ago, about loving the Flock enough to return to it and help it learn?"
"Yes!"
"I don't understand how you manage to love a mob of birds that has just tried to kill you."
"Oh, Fletch, you don't love that! You don't love hatred and evil, of course. You have to practise and see the real gull, the good in everyone of them, and to help them see it in themselves. That's what I mean by love. It's fun, when you get the knack of it.
"I remember a fierce young bird, for instance, Fletcher Lynd Seagull, his name. Just been made Outcast, ready to fight the Flock to the death, getting a start on building his own bitter hell out on the Far Cliffs. And here he is today building his own heaven instead, and leading the whole Flock in that direction."
Fletcher turned to his instructor, and there was a moment of fright in his eye. "Me leading? What do you mean, me leading? You're the instructor here. You couldn't leave!"
"Couldn't I? Don't you think that there might be other flocks, other Fletchers, that need an instructor more than this one, that's on its way toward the light?"
"Me? Jon, I'm just a plain seagull, and you're . . ."
". . . the only Son of the Great Gull, I suppose?" Jonathan sighed and looked out to sea. "You don't need me any longer.. You need to keep finding yourself, a little more each day, that real, unlimited Fletcher Seagull. he's your instructor. You need to understand him and to practice him."
A moment later Jonathan's body wavered in the air, shimmering, and began to go transparent. "Don't let them spread silly rumours about me, or make me a god. O.K., Fletch? I'm a seagull, I like to fly, maybe . . ."
"JONATHAN!"
"Poor Fletch. Don't believe what your eyes are telling you. All they show is limitation. Look with your understanding, find out what you already know, and you'll see the way to fly."
The shimmering stopped. Jonathan Seagull had vanished into empty air.
After a time, Fletcher Gull dragged himself into the sky and faced a brand-new group of students, eager for their first lesson.
"To begin with," he said heavily, "you've got to understand that a seagull is an unlimited idea of freedom, an image of the Great Gull, and your whole body, from wingtip to wingtip, is nothing more than your thought itself."
The young gulls looked at him quizzically. Come on, they thought, this doesn't sound like a rule for a loop.
Fletcher sighed and started over. "Hmm. Ah . . very well," he said, and eyed them critically. "Let's begin with Level Flight." And saying that, he understood all at once that his friend had quite honestly been no more divine than Fletcher himself.
No limits, Jonathan? he thought. Well, then, the time's not distant when I'm going to appear out of thin air on your beach, and show you a thing or two about flying!
And though he tried to look properly severe for his students, Fletcher Seagull suddenly saw them all as they really were, just for a moment, and he more than liked, he loved what it was he saw. No limits, Jonathan? he thought, and he smiled. His race to learn had begun.
Fernand
Jaques Brel
FERNAND
1966
Dire que Fernand est mort
Dire qu'il est mort Fernand
Dire que je suis seul derrière
Dire qu'il est seul devant
Lui dans sa dernière bière
Moi dans mon brouillard
Lui dans son corbillard
Et moi dans mon désert
Devant y a qu'un cheval blanc
Derrière y a que moi qui pleure
Dire qu'y a même pas de vent
Pour agiter mes fleurs
Moi si j'étais le Bon Dieu
Je crois que j'aurais des remords
Dire que maintenant il pleut
Dire que Fernand est mort
Dire qu'on traverse Paris
Dans le tout petit matin
Dire qu'on traverse Paris
Et qu'on dirait Berlin
Toi toi toi tu sais pas tu dors
Mais c'est triste à mourir
D'être obligé de partir
Quand Paris dort encore
Moi je crève d'envie
De réveiller des gens
Je t'inventerai une famille
Juste pour ton enterrement
Et puis si j'étais le Bon Dieu
Je crois que je serais pas fier
Je sais on fait ce qu'on peut
Mais y a la manière
Tu sais je reviendrai
Je reviendrai souvent
Dans ce putain de champ
Où tu dois te reposer
L'été je te ferai de l'ombre
On boira du silence
A la santé de Constance
Qui se fout bien de ton ombre
Et puis les adultes sont tellement cons
Qu'ils nous feront bien une guerre
Alors je viendrai pour de bon
Dormir dans ton cimetière
Et maintenant Bon Dieu
Tu vas bien rigoler
Et maintenant Bon Dieu
Maintenant je vais pleurer.
Πες ότι ο Φερνάντ είναι νεκρός
Πες ότι πέθανε ο Φερναντ
Πες ότι εγώ έμεινα πίσω μόνος
πές ότι αυτός είναι μόνος μπροστά
Αυτός μέσα στην τελευταία μπύρα του
Ki εγώ μέσα στην καταχνιά μου
Αυτός στη νεκροφόρα του
Κι εγώ μέσα στην ερημιά μου
μπροστά του, πες, πως έχει ένα άσπρο άλογο
και εμένα πισω του που κλαίω
Πές πως έχει τον ίδιο τον άνεμο
που ταρακουνάει τα λουλουδια μας.
Εγώ αν ήμουνα Θεός
πιστεύω πως θα είχα τύψεις
Πες πως τώρα κλαίει
Πες ότι ο Φερναντ δεν ζει...
Πές πως διασχίζουμε το Παρίσι
πρω, πρωι..
Πες πως διασχίζουμε το Παρίσι
όπως θα λέγαμε το Βερολίνο
Εσύ... Εσύ, δεν ξέρεις να κτυπάς τις πόρτες
αλλά αυτό είναι ο πόνος στο θάνατο
να είσαι υποχρεωμένος να φεύγεις
Όταν το Παρίσι κοιμάται ακόμη
Θέλω να πεθάνω
ξυπνήστε άνθρωποι
βρέστε μια οικογένεια
έτσι ακριβώς κι απλά για την κηδεία σας...
Κι έπειτα, ω, αν ήμουν ο καλός Θεούλης
πιστεύω, ότι δεν θα μουνα περήφανος
ξέρω πως δεν μπορώ να κάνω το αδύνατο
Μα υπάρχει ένας τρόπος
Ξέρεις πως θα ξαναρθω
Θα έρχομαι συχνά
σ' αυτά τα γαμημένα τα χωράφια
που εδω θα ξεκουράζεσαι
Το καλοκαίρι θα σου κάνω σκιά
να πιούμε την σιωπή
στην υγειά της Κωνσταντίνας...
Ποιός νοιάζεται για την σκιά σου...
Κι ύστερα αυτόι οι ηλίθιοι έφηβοι, σκληροί,
Μπορεί και να μας ανοίξουν πόλεμο,
αλλά μην νοιάζεσαι θα στεκομαι στον ύπνο σου κοντά σου, πάνω στη πλάκα που θα σε σκεπάζει...
Και τώρα, ώ θεούλη μου
πας σώνει και καλά, να θέλεις, να με κάνεις να γελάσω
Και τώρα θέε μου, άσε με μόνο μου... μου έρχεται να κλάψω...
FERNAND
1966
Dire que Fernand est mort
Dire qu'il est mort Fernand
Dire que je suis seul derrière
Dire qu'il est seul devant
Lui dans sa dernière bière
Moi dans mon brouillard
Lui dans son corbillard
Et moi dans mon désert
Devant y a qu'un cheval blanc
Derrière y a que moi qui pleure
Dire qu'y a même pas de vent
Pour agiter mes fleurs
Moi si j'étais le Bon Dieu
Je crois que j'aurais des remords
Dire que maintenant il pleut
Dire que Fernand est mort
Dire qu'on traverse Paris
Dans le tout petit matin
Dire qu'on traverse Paris
Et qu'on dirait Berlin
Toi toi toi tu sais pas tu dors
Mais c'est triste à mourir
D'être obligé de partir
Quand Paris dort encore
Moi je crève d'envie
De réveiller des gens
Je t'inventerai une famille
Juste pour ton enterrement
Et puis si j'étais le Bon Dieu
Je crois que je serais pas fier
Je sais on fait ce qu'on peut
Mais y a la manière
Tu sais je reviendrai
Je reviendrai souvent
Dans ce putain de champ
Où tu dois te reposer
L'été je te ferai de l'ombre
On boira du silence
A la santé de Constance
Qui se fout bien de ton ombre
Et puis les adultes sont tellement cons
Qu'ils nous feront bien une guerre
Alors je viendrai pour de bon
Dormir dans ton cimetière
Et maintenant Bon Dieu
Tu vas bien rigoler
Et maintenant Bon Dieu
Maintenant je vais pleurer.
Πες ότι ο Φερνάντ είναι νεκρός
Πες ότι πέθανε ο Φερναντ
Πες ότι εγώ έμεινα πίσω μόνος
πές ότι αυτός είναι μόνος μπροστά
Αυτός μέσα στην τελευταία μπύρα του
Ki εγώ μέσα στην καταχνιά μου
Αυτός στη νεκροφόρα του
Κι εγώ μέσα στην ερημιά μου
μπροστά του, πες, πως έχει ένα άσπρο άλογο
και εμένα πισω του που κλαίω
Πές πως έχει τον ίδιο τον άνεμο
που ταρακουνάει τα λουλουδια μας.
Εγώ αν ήμουνα Θεός
πιστεύω πως θα είχα τύψεις
Πες πως τώρα κλαίει
Πες ότι ο Φερναντ δεν ζει...
Πές πως διασχίζουμε το Παρίσι
πρω, πρωι..
Πες πως διασχίζουμε το Παρίσι
όπως θα λέγαμε το Βερολίνο
Εσύ... Εσύ, δεν ξέρεις να κτυπάς τις πόρτες
αλλά αυτό είναι ο πόνος στο θάνατο
να είσαι υποχρεωμένος να φεύγεις
Όταν το Παρίσι κοιμάται ακόμη
Θέλω να πεθάνω
ξυπνήστε άνθρωποι
βρέστε μια οικογένεια
έτσι ακριβώς κι απλά για την κηδεία σας...
Κι έπειτα, ω, αν ήμουν ο καλός Θεούλης
πιστεύω, ότι δεν θα μουνα περήφανος
ξέρω πως δεν μπορώ να κάνω το αδύνατο
Μα υπάρχει ένας τρόπος
Ξέρεις πως θα ξαναρθω
Θα έρχομαι συχνά
σ' αυτά τα γαμημένα τα χωράφια
που εδω θα ξεκουράζεσαι
Το καλοκαίρι θα σου κάνω σκιά
να πιούμε την σιωπή
στην υγειά της Κωνσταντίνας...
Ποιός νοιάζεται για την σκιά σου...
Κι ύστερα αυτόι οι ηλίθιοι έφηβοι, σκληροί,
Μπορεί και να μας ανοίξουν πόλεμο,
αλλά μην νοιάζεσαι θα στεκομαι στον ύπνο σου κοντά σου, πάνω στη πλάκα που θα σε σκεπάζει...
Και τώρα, ώ θεούλη μου
πας σώνει και καλά, να θέλεις, να με κάνεις να γελάσω
Και τώρα θέε μου, άσε με μόνο μου... μου έρχεται να κλάψω...
ΝΤΡΟΠΗ Σ’ ΑΥΤΟΥΣ ΠΟΥ ΔΕΝ ΣΕΒΟΝΤΑΙ ΟΣΟΥΣ ΚΑΙ ΟΣΕΣ ΕΦΥΛΑΞΑΝ ΘΕΡΜΟΠΥΛΕΣ……ΣΗΜΕΡΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΚΗΔΕΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΑΓΩΝΙΣΤΡΙΑΣ ΚΑΛΗΡΟΗΣ ΚΑΛΑΤΖΗ Η ΕΠΙΣΗΜΗ ΠΟΛΙΤΕΙΑ ΕΛΑΜΨΕ ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΦΥΣΙΚΗ ΤΗΣ ΠΑΝΤΕΛΗ ΑΠΟΥΣΙΑ
ΚΑΛΟ ΣΟΥ ΤΑΞΙΔΙ ΚΑΛΗΡΟΗ ΣΤΟΥΣ ΤΟΠΟΥΣ ΤΩΝ ΚΑΙΝΟΥΡΓΙΩΝ ΣΟΥ ΑΓΩΝΩΝ….. Ο ΜΑΘΗΤΗΣ ΣΟΥ ΑΓΓΕΛΟΣ ΚΟΤΣΑΡΗΣ
Η ΚΑΛΗΡΟΗ ΚΑΛΑΤΖΗ ΥΠΗΡΞΕ ΑΠΟ ΤΙΣ ΠΡΩΤΕΣ ΦΤΩΧΕΣ ΜΕΣΟΛΟΓΓΙΤΟΠΟΥΛΕΣ ΠΟΥ ΣΠΟΥΔΑΣΕ ΣΤΟ ΤΕΛΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΔΕΚΑΕΤΙΑΣ ΤΟΥ 20 ΣΤΗ ΓΑΛΛΙΚΗ ΑΚΑΔΗΜΙΑ.. ΑΠΟ ΤΟ 36 ΜΑΖΙ ΜΕ ΤΟΝ ΑΔΕΛΦΟ ΤΗΣ ΧΡΗΣΤΟ ΚΑΛΑΤΖΗ ΔΙΩΧΘΗΚΑΝ ΑΠΟ ΤΟΝ ΜΕΤΑΞΑ. Ο ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟΣ ΚΛΕΙΣΤΗΚΕ ΣΤΙΣ ΠΕΡΙΒΟΗΤΕΣ ΦΥΛΑΚΕΣ ΤΟΥ ΝΑΥΠΛΙΟΥ ΜΕΧΡΙ ΤΟ 40. ΑΠΟ ΤΟ 40 ΚΑΙ ΜΕΤΑ Η ΚΑΛΗΡΟΗ ΚΑΙ Ο ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ ΣΥΜΜΕΤΕΙΧΑΝ ΣΤΟΝ ΕΛΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΣΤΟΝ ΑΝΤΙΝΑΖΙΣΤΙΚΟ ΑΓΩΝΑ. ΑΠΟ ΤΟ 45 ΚΑΙ ΕΚΤΟΤΕ ΜΕΧΡΙ ΤΟ 54 ΓΥΡΙΣΕ ΣΑΝ ΕΞΟΡΙΣΤΗ ΟΛΑ ΤΑ ΞΕΡΟΝΗΣΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΑΙΓΑΙΟΥ. ΜΑ ΚΙ ΟΤΑΝ ΓΥΡΙΣΕ ΓΙΑ ΝΑ ΔΙΔΑΞΕΙ ΜΕΧΡΙ ΚΑΙ ΤΡΕΙΣ ΓΕΝΙΕΣ ΜΕΣΟΛΟΓΓΙΤΟΠΟΥΛΑ ΓΑΛΛΙΚΑ, ΕΝΑΝΤΙ ΕΛΑΧΙΣΤΗΣ ΑΜΟΙΒΗΣ, ΑΚΟΜΗ ΚΙ ΕΝΑΝΤΙ ΑΥΓΩΝ ΟΠΩΣ ΣΥΝΕΒΗΚΕ ΜΕ ΕΜΕΝΑ, Ο ΑΠΟΚΛΕΙΣΜΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΠΟ ΤΟΝ ΕΥΡΥΤΕΡΟ ΚΥΚΛΟ ΤΩΝ ΜΠΟΥΡΖΟΥΑΔΩΝ, ΠΟΥ ΘΕΛΟΥΝ ΚΑΙ ΝΑ ΘΕΩΡΟΥΝΤΑΙ ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΟΙ, ΚΑΙ ΓΙΑ ΜΕΓΑΛΟ ΔΙΑΣΤΗΜΑ ΗΤΑΝΕ ΑΣΦΥΚΤΙΚΟΣ.
ΚΑΛΟ ΣΟΥ ΤΑΞΙΔΙ ΚΑΛΗΡΟΗ ΣΤΟΥΣ ΤΟΠΟΥΣ ΤΩΝ ΚΑΙΝΟΥΡΓΙΩΝ ΣΟΥ ΑΓΩΝΩΝ….. Ο ΜΑΘΗΤΗΣ ΣΟΥ ΑΓΓΕΛΟΣ ΚΟΤΣΑΡΗΣ
Η ΚΑΛΗΡΟΗ ΚΑΛΑΤΖΗ ΥΠΗΡΞΕ ΑΠΟ ΤΙΣ ΠΡΩΤΕΣ ΦΤΩΧΕΣ ΜΕΣΟΛΟΓΓΙΤΟΠΟΥΛΕΣ ΠΟΥ ΣΠΟΥΔΑΣΕ ΣΤΟ ΤΕΛΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΔΕΚΑΕΤΙΑΣ ΤΟΥ 20 ΣΤΗ ΓΑΛΛΙΚΗ ΑΚΑΔΗΜΙΑ.. ΑΠΟ ΤΟ 36 ΜΑΖΙ ΜΕ ΤΟΝ ΑΔΕΛΦΟ ΤΗΣ ΧΡΗΣΤΟ ΚΑΛΑΤΖΗ ΔΙΩΧΘΗΚΑΝ ΑΠΟ ΤΟΝ ΜΕΤΑΞΑ. Ο ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟΣ ΚΛΕΙΣΤΗΚΕ ΣΤΙΣ ΠΕΡΙΒΟΗΤΕΣ ΦΥΛΑΚΕΣ ΤΟΥ ΝΑΥΠΛΙΟΥ ΜΕΧΡΙ ΤΟ 40. ΑΠΟ ΤΟ 40 ΚΑΙ ΜΕΤΑ Η ΚΑΛΗΡΟΗ ΚΑΙ Ο ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ ΣΥΜΜΕΤΕΙΧΑΝ ΣΤΟΝ ΕΛΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΣΤΟΝ ΑΝΤΙΝΑΖΙΣΤΙΚΟ ΑΓΩΝΑ. ΑΠΟ ΤΟ 45 ΚΑΙ ΕΚΤΟΤΕ ΜΕΧΡΙ ΤΟ 54 ΓΥΡΙΣΕ ΣΑΝ ΕΞΟΡΙΣΤΗ ΟΛΑ ΤΑ ΞΕΡΟΝΗΣΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΑΙΓΑΙΟΥ. ΜΑ ΚΙ ΟΤΑΝ ΓΥΡΙΣΕ ΓΙΑ ΝΑ ΔΙΔΑΞΕΙ ΜΕΧΡΙ ΚΑΙ ΤΡΕΙΣ ΓΕΝΙΕΣ ΜΕΣΟΛΟΓΓΙΤΟΠΟΥΛΑ ΓΑΛΛΙΚΑ, ΕΝΑΝΤΙ ΕΛΑΧΙΣΤΗΣ ΑΜΟΙΒΗΣ, ΑΚΟΜΗ ΚΙ ΕΝΑΝΤΙ ΑΥΓΩΝ ΟΠΩΣ ΣΥΝΕΒΗΚΕ ΜΕ ΕΜΕΝΑ, Ο ΑΠΟΚΛΕΙΣΜΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΠΟ ΤΟΝ ΕΥΡΥΤΕΡΟ ΚΥΚΛΟ ΤΩΝ ΜΠΟΥΡΖΟΥΑΔΩΝ, ΠΟΥ ΘΕΛΟΥΝ ΚΑΙ ΝΑ ΘΕΩΡΟΥΝΤΑΙ ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΟΙ, ΚΑΙ ΓΙΑ ΜΕΓΑΛΟ ΔΙΑΣΤΗΜΑ ΗΤΑΝΕ ΑΣΦΥΚΤΙΚΟΣ.
Αχμετ Ούμιτ
Και οι τούρκοι σκέπτονται όπως και εμείς... και μην σας ξαφνιάζει αυτό!
άνοιξη- αναγέννηση
Αρώματα της Ζωής
Andrea Arnold
fish tank
The Limits of Control
Paz de la Huerta. Η κόρη της Αφροδίτης.
Georges Moustaki - Le métèque - 1969
Avec ma gueule de métèque
De Juif errant, de pâtre grec
Et mes cheveux aux quatre vents
Avec mes yeux tout délavés
Qui me donnent l'air de rêver
Moi qui ne rêve plus souvent
Avec mes mains de maraudeur
De musicien et de rôdeur
Qui ont pillé tant de jardins
Avec ma bouche qui a bu
Qui a embrassé et mordu
Sans jamais assouvir sa faim
Avec ma gueule de métèque
De Juif errant, de pâtre grec
De voleur et de vagabond
Avec ma peau qui s'est frottée
Au soleil de tous les étés
Et tout ce qui portait jupon
Avec mon cœur qui a su faire
Souffrir autant qu'il a souffert
Sans pour cela faire d'histoires
Avec mon âme qui n'a plus
La moindre chance de salut
Pour éviter le purgatoire
Avec ma gueule de métèque
De Juif errant, de pâtre grec
Et mes cheveux aux quatre vents
Je viendrai, ma douce captive
Mon âme sœur, ma source vive
Je viendrai boire tes vingt ans
Et je serai prince de sang
Rêveur ou bien adolescent
Comme il te plaira de choisir
Et nous ferons de chaque jour
Toute une éternité d'amour
Que nous vivrons à en mourir
Et nous ferons de chaque jour
Toute une éternité d'amour
Que nous vivrons à en mourir
Georges Moustaki - Le métèque - 1969
De Juif errant, de pâtre grec
Et mes cheveux aux quatre vents
Avec mes yeux tout délavés
Qui me donnent l'air de rêver
Moi qui ne rêve plus souvent
Avec mes mains de maraudeur
De musicien et de rôdeur
Qui ont pillé tant de jardins
Avec ma bouche qui a bu
Qui a embrassé et mordu
Sans jamais assouvir sa faim
Avec ma gueule de métèque
De Juif errant, de pâtre grec
De voleur et de vagabond
Avec ma peau qui s'est frottée
Au soleil de tous les étés
Et tout ce qui portait jupon
Avec mon cœur qui a su faire
Souffrir autant qu'il a souffert
Sans pour cela faire d'histoires
Avec mon âme qui n'a plus
La moindre chance de salut
Pour éviter le purgatoire
Avec ma gueule de métèque
De Juif errant, de pâtre grec
Et mes cheveux aux quatre vents
Je viendrai, ma douce captive
Mon âme sœur, ma source vive
Je viendrai boire tes vingt ans
Et je serai prince de sang
Rêveur ou bien adolescent
Comme il te plaira de choisir
Et nous ferons de chaque jour
Toute une éternité d'amour
Que nous vivrons à en mourir
Et nous ferons de chaque jour
Toute une éternité d'amour
Que nous vivrons à en mourir
Georges Moustaki - Le métèque - 1969
"Θαλασσινό όνειρο"
Της αγαπημένης συζύγου του Σαράντη Καραβούζη.
"Θαλασσινό Φώς"
Της τρυφερής και εμπνευσμένης Φίλης μου Γιούλικας Λακερίδου.
Ξυλογραφία. Παρίσι 1975
Γιούλικα Λακερίδου. Μια αγωνίστρια της Τέχνης.
"Έρωτας"
ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΔΡΟΜΙΚΗ ΕΚΘΕΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΖΩΓΡΑΦΟΥ ΓΙΟΥΛΙΚΑΣ ΛΑΚΕΡΙΔΟΥ ΠΟΥ ΘΑ ΣΥΝΕΧΙΖΕΤΑΙ ΓΙΑ ΕΝΑ ΑΚΟΜΗ ΔΕΚΑΠΕΝΘΗΜΕΡΟ ΣΤΟ ΣΠΙΤΙ ΤΗΣ ΚΥΠΡΟΥ ΣΤΟ ΚΟΛΩΝΑΚΙ. ΑΞΙΖΕΙ ΝΑ ΤΗΝ ΔΕΙΤΕ!
Αγόρευση του αγωνιστή της Δημοκρατίας εισαγγελέα Παύλου Δελαπόρτα στη δίκη Γρηγορίου Λαμπράκη.
ΠΑΥΛΟΣ ΔΕΛΑΠΟΡΤΑΣ
αντεισαγγελέας Εφετών
Απόσπασμα από την αγόρευση στη δίκη των δολοφόνων του Γρηγορίου Λαμπράκη, Δεκέμβριος 1966.
“Οι άνθρωποι που κλήθηκαν δύο μέρες πριν (από τη δολοφονία του Λαμπράκη) και βοήθησαν τους “Γορίλες” της προσωπικής ασφάλειας του στρατηγού Ντε Γκολ στο έργο τους, εκκαλούντο για να παίξουν το βράδυ της 22ης Μαΐου 1963 τους Ρινόκερους του Ιονέσκο, εκ του φυσικού. Και πράγματι το έπαιξαν με μεγάλη επιτυχία.Αποτελεί δεινή ύβρη και μείωση του Στρατού και των Σωμάτων Ασφαλείας, η καταφυγή προς ενίσχυσή τους στην ιδιωτική οργάνωση οιουδήποτε που αποτελείται από κατάλοιπα υποπροϊόντων του Χίτλερ, από γιγαντοκύτταρα δοσιλογικής λευχαιμίας που κυκλοφορούν δυστυχώς ακόμη στο ελληνικό αίμα, από κακοποιούς διαφόρων βαθμών και ειδών, από ιδεολογικούς σκηνίτες τους οποίους μνημόνευσα πιο πάνω, και από άλλους φτωχούς διαβόλους που, σε κάθε περίσταση και ευκαιρία, “ζητούν οι ταλαίπωροι να μπαλωθούν” (κατά τον ποιητή)...Από τέτοια κοινωνικά βυθοκορήματα αναμενόταν βοήθεια και σ’ αυτά θα ανατιθόταν σε ώρα κρίσης, η ενίσχυση των Σωμάτων Ασφαλείας και η μεγάλη και άγια υπόθεση “της υπερασπίσεως της Πατρίδος και του Ελληνοχριστιανικού Πολιτισμού παντού, πάντοτε και δι’ όλων των μέσων”, κατά τους σκοπούς της οργάνωσης του Γιοσμά που αναγράφονται πίσω από την ταυτότητα του Γκοτζαμάνη.Άλλοτε, εκείνοι που καταδικάζονταν για ζωοκλοπή, στερούνταν της τιμής να υπηρετούν στο Στράτευμα, με τη σκέψη ότι η υπεράσπιση της Πατρίδας είναι έργο των αγνών, των τιμίων, των ανιδιοτελών και των ενάρετων ανθρώπων, με κορωνίδα μεταξύ αυτών των αρετών τη φιλοπατρία.Σήμερα, εδώ, ένα σύμφυρμα κλεφτών, βιαστών, δοσίλογων και κάθε είδους κακοποιών, εμφανίζεται -προς εθνοκαπηλεία και ανομολόγητους ιδιοτελείς σκοπούς- ως προστάτης κοινωνικών καθεστώτων, ως φύλακας ιερών και οσίων και ως Κέρβερος του νόμου και της τάξης.Τι άλλο έπρεπε να περιμένει κανείς απ’ αυτό πλην του ότι θα εξελισσόταν σε κακοήθη νεοπλασία της κοινωνίας;”
αντεισαγγελέας Εφετών
Απόσπασμα από την αγόρευση στη δίκη των δολοφόνων του Γρηγορίου Λαμπράκη, Δεκέμβριος 1966.
“Οι άνθρωποι που κλήθηκαν δύο μέρες πριν (από τη δολοφονία του Λαμπράκη) και βοήθησαν τους “Γορίλες” της προσωπικής ασφάλειας του στρατηγού Ντε Γκολ στο έργο τους, εκκαλούντο για να παίξουν το βράδυ της 22ης Μαΐου 1963 τους Ρινόκερους του Ιονέσκο, εκ του φυσικού. Και πράγματι το έπαιξαν με μεγάλη επιτυχία.Αποτελεί δεινή ύβρη και μείωση του Στρατού και των Σωμάτων Ασφαλείας, η καταφυγή προς ενίσχυσή τους στην ιδιωτική οργάνωση οιουδήποτε που αποτελείται από κατάλοιπα υποπροϊόντων του Χίτλερ, από γιγαντοκύτταρα δοσιλογικής λευχαιμίας που κυκλοφορούν δυστυχώς ακόμη στο ελληνικό αίμα, από κακοποιούς διαφόρων βαθμών και ειδών, από ιδεολογικούς σκηνίτες τους οποίους μνημόνευσα πιο πάνω, και από άλλους φτωχούς διαβόλους που, σε κάθε περίσταση και ευκαιρία, “ζητούν οι ταλαίπωροι να μπαλωθούν” (κατά τον ποιητή)...Από τέτοια κοινωνικά βυθοκορήματα αναμενόταν βοήθεια και σ’ αυτά θα ανατιθόταν σε ώρα κρίσης, η ενίσχυση των Σωμάτων Ασφαλείας και η μεγάλη και άγια υπόθεση “της υπερασπίσεως της Πατρίδος και του Ελληνοχριστιανικού Πολιτισμού παντού, πάντοτε και δι’ όλων των μέσων”, κατά τους σκοπούς της οργάνωσης του Γιοσμά που αναγράφονται πίσω από την ταυτότητα του Γκοτζαμάνη.Άλλοτε, εκείνοι που καταδικάζονταν για ζωοκλοπή, στερούνταν της τιμής να υπηρετούν στο Στράτευμα, με τη σκέψη ότι η υπεράσπιση της Πατρίδας είναι έργο των αγνών, των τιμίων, των ανιδιοτελών και των ενάρετων ανθρώπων, με κορωνίδα μεταξύ αυτών των αρετών τη φιλοπατρία.Σήμερα, εδώ, ένα σύμφυρμα κλεφτών, βιαστών, δοσίλογων και κάθε είδους κακοποιών, εμφανίζεται -προς εθνοκαπηλεία και ανομολόγητους ιδιοτελείς σκοπούς- ως προστάτης κοινωνικών καθεστώτων, ως φύλακας ιερών και οσίων και ως Κέρβερος του νόμου και της τάξης.Τι άλλο έπρεπε να περιμένει κανείς απ’ αυτό πλην του ότι θα εξελισσόταν σε κακοήθη νεοπλασία της κοινωνίας;”
Ανοιξιάτικη γυναικοπαρέα στον κήπο των ηρώων Μάιος 1941
Ο κήπος των κομψών λουλουδιών. Εξ' αριστερών Μαρία Λευκαδίτη, δεξιά Παρασκευή Κότσαρη, κάτω αριστερά Δώρα Λιναρδάτου.
Μη μου ξαναφύγεις πιά μάγκα μου.
Μεσολόγγι. Λιμάνι με Ταρτάνες.
Μεσολόγγι W. Purser
Αναφορές για το Μεσολόγγι από την Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους κατά το 1680
…..Ήδη από την αρχή του ναυτικού αποκλεισμού των Τούρκων της Λευκάδας από τις χριστιανικές δυνάμεις (Έλληνες επτανήσιοι και Βενετοί) 21/7/1684 είχε ριφθεί η ιδέα της καταλήψεως της Πρέβεζας. Η πραγματοποίηση του σχεδίου αυτού επιβλήθηκε από την εξέλιξη των γεγονότων της Ακαρνανίας.: Στις 10 Αυγούστου αποβιβάστηκε στο νησάκι του Πεταλά το πρώτο χριστιανικό σώμα με διοικητές τον κόμητα Strasoldo και τον Δελλαδέτσιμα. Οι αποβατικές αυτές δυνάμεις, ενισχυμένες με Κεφαλλονίτες κυρίως εθελοντές, προχώρησαν προς το Μεσολόγγι και το Αιτωλικό και τα κατέλαβαν. Τα γεγονότα οδήγησαν σε εξέγερση των κατοίκων εναντίον των Τούρκων. Με την καθοδήγηση του Μεϊντάνη, του Σουμίλα και του Χορμόπουλου ξεσηκώθηκαν τα χριστιανικά χωριά του Βάλτου και. Από κοινού με τους άνδρες του Strasoldo και του Δελλαδέτσιμα, κατέλυσαν την οθωμανική κυριαρχία στο μεγαλύτερο τμήμα της δυτικής Στερεάς……..
Στα πλαίσια του πολυμέτωπου αγώνος που ανέλαβαν οι χριστιανικές δυνάμεις της δύσεως εναντίον των Τούρκων εντάσσεται και ο βενετοτουρκικός πόλεμος του 1684-1699, που διεξήχθη κυρίως στον ελληνικό χώρο, προκαλώντας έτσι μεγάλο αντιπερισπασμό στους Τούρκους, που συγχρόνως μάχονταν και στις παραδουνάβιες περιοχές. Με την νέα αυτή σταυροφορία αναθάρρησαν οι Έλληνες και ξεσηκώθηκαν εναντίον των Τούρκων κατακτητών, άλλοτε συμπράττοντας με τους Βενετούς και άλλοτε πολεμώντας μόνοι τους. Μέχρι το 1689 οι Βενετοί κατέλαβαν τη Λευκάδα, την Πρέβεζα και όλη σχεδόν την Πελοπόννησο με συνεργάτες αντίστοιχα τους αρματολούς της δυτικής Στερεάς και τους Μανιάτες, ενώ συγχρόνως οι αρματολοί της κεντρικής Στερεάς δρώντας ανεξάρτητα από τους Βενετούς, που συχνά δυσφορούσαν γι’ αυτό, εκδίωξαν τους Τούρκους από τις περιοχές τους. Πρώτη όμως μεγάλη αποτυχία των Βενετών ήταν η εγκατάλειψη της Αθήνας, που είχε καταληφθή το 1687 μετά από σφοδρούς βομβαρδισμούς που προκάλεσαν καταστροφή στα μνημεία της Ακροπόλεως. Σε αποτυχία επίσης κατέληξε η πολιορκία της Χαλκίδας, όπου και πέθανε από τον καταστρεπτικό λοιμό, που είχε εξαπλωθεί στην Πελοπόννησο και στην Αττική, ο Σουηδός στρατηγός Kοnigsmark. Φυσικά δεν έλειψαν και οι ληστρικές επιδρομές που ενήργησαν οι Βενετοί στη Θάσο, στα παράλια της Χαλκιδικής καθώς και στα νησιά του Αιγαίου. Το 1689 εμφανίστηκε στο πολεμικό προσκήνιο ο Μανιάτης πειρατής Λιμπεράκης Γερακάρης, που συμπράττοντας με τους Τούρκους επιχείρησε και μεμονωμένες επιχειρήσεις στο Μεσολόγγι, στο Βάλτο και στο Ξηρόμερο, δημιουργώντας αντιπερισπασμό στους αντιπάλους του….. Από το 1691 ο Γερακάρης δρώντας για λίγο στο πλευρό των Βενετών επιδόθηκε μαζί τους σε ληστρικές επιδρομές στη Θεσσαλία και στην Ήπειρο, όπου και τελείωσε την τυχοδιωκτική δράση του. Με την συνθήκη του Κάρλοβιτς το 1699, που σήμανε τη λήξη του 15ετούς καταστροφικού πολέμου, παραχωρήθηκαν στους Βενετούς η Πελοπόννησος μέχρι τον Ισθμό, η Λευκάδα και η Αίγηνα. Το κάστρο της Ναυπάκτου επεστράφη στους Τούρκους, ενώ σύμφωνα με όρο της συνθήκης κατεδαφίσθηκαν τα κάστρα της Πρέβεζας και του Αντιρρίου.
Χάρτης των Ενετοτουρκικών συρράξεων.
Σημειώνεται και το νησάκι Πεταλάς.
Πολιορκία της Ακρόπολης των Αθηνών.
Καταστροφή των μνημείων της Ακρόπολης από κανονιοβολισμό των πυριτιδαποθηκών των Τούρκων από τον ενετό Μοροζίνη το 1687.
Ρίο -Αντίριο-Πάτρα
Κατά τους Ενετοτούρκικους πολέμους
Κλεφταρματολός
Γενάδιος βιλιοθ.
Μανιάτες πολεμιστές
Μετά τα μεγάλα κυριαρχούν τα μικρά.
Όταν με τον ερχομό της νύχτας τελειώνουν οι ανθρώπινες προφάσεις και επιτέλους ηγεμονικά επιστρέφουν οι μνήμες.
Καβάφης
Επέστρεφε
Επέστρεφε συχνά και παίρνε με,αγαπημένη αίσθησις επέστρεφε και παίρνε με—όταν ξυπνά του σώματος η μνήμη,κ’ επιθυμία παληά ξαναπερνά στο αίμα·όταν τα χείλη και το δέρμα ενθυμούνται,κ’ αισθάνονται τα χέρια σαν ν’ αγγίζουν πάλι.Επέστρεφε συχνά και παίρνε με την νύχτα,όταν τα χείλη και το δέρμα ενθυμούνται...
Οικογένεια
Από φωτογραφία του 1941 η οικογένεια μου.Τέμπερα Άγγελου Κότσαρη χαρισμένη στο Κ. Π. Παναγιωτόπουλο
Σπιτική σύνθεση
Το στραβό κερί.
Έχετε επισκεφτεί ποτέ το Μεσολόγγι; Σας άρεσε; Τι δεν σας άρεσε σ' αυτό;
Μάκης Καστανιόλας-Καλιανέζος. Ο αειθαλής έφηβος του Μεσολογγιού!
Βόλτα στον δρόμο της Τουρλίδας με σούστα!
Μεσολόγγι. Η βουνίσια του πραγματικότητα. Το δάσος των Ελληνικών με την σπάνια βιοποικιλότητα!
Μισής ώρας ταξίδι από τη νερένια πολιτεία και χάνεσαι σε δάση πυκνοσκίαστα παρέα με τον Πάνα, ανάμεσα σ’ αλαφροΐσκιωτους μα από πέτρα ανθρώπους και των βουνών τους αετούς και μες των λόγγων τα στοιχειά και τ’ άγρια ζουλάπια. Σε τελική ανάλυση εδώ μπορείς και να αναπνέεις από την μπόχα του αστισμού μας. Νομίζω ελευθερώνεσαι, ακόμη κι απ' τις βαρύγδουπες επιγραφές που ψευδεπίγραφα μας μπόλιασε ο εθνικόφρονας εγωισμός μας! Με τόσα προβλήματα της καθημερινότητας ποιός συμπολίτης μας αισθάνεται Ελεύθερος, εκτός βέβαια από τους αραχτούς και τους βολεμένους!
Φρεγάτα
Φρεγάτα, ταχύπλουν τριίστιον εκ του αφράκτου.
Πολάκα
Πολάκα, εκ του Polacra,άκρα, δηλαδή οξεία πρώρα, ήτοι τριίστιον πλοίον.
Ατμοκίνητη Φρεγάτα στα μέσα του 19ου αιώνα.
Ελληνικά το όμορφο χωριό του Αράκυνθου.
ευχής έργο θα ήταν η απληστία και η αλαζονεία των αστικών συμφερόντων και νιτερεσιών να μην αλλοιώση τη φυσική αισθητική του τοπίου και την αγνότητα των ντόπιων ανθρώπων, όπως σε πολλούς ελληνικούς άλλους τόπους που το γελοίο και το άσχημο περισεύει.
Κεράσοβο - Αγρίνιο στο βάθος και ο Αράκυνθος ειρνηνικό γιοφύρι αναμεσά μας.
Κεράσοβο κι Αγρίνιο.
Μοντέρνο τριίστιο ιστιοφόρο στο λιμάνι του Μεσολογγίου
Μοντέρνα Φρεγάτα. Νοέμβριος 2008
Ο Ύπνος των Γιγάντων.
Κορμοί δέντρων στο δάσος των Ελληνικών.
Οι ξύλινες κατοικίες των στοιχειών του δάσους των Ελληνικών.
Ξυλεία υλοτομίας του δάσους.
Από την κορυφή του Αράκυνθου η πόλη των νερώ κατά τον αείμνηστο Μίμη Λυμπεράκη
Πράσινο και γαλάζιο.
Η λίστα των ιστολογίων μου είναι Μεσολόγγι και aggelos imerologio
Στη διεύθυνση aggelos imerologio και στην αναζήτηση της κεντρικής σελίδας της Google θα εντυπωσιαστείτε ανοίγοντας την σελίδα μου που, με παραχωρημένο Video από την You Tude, κείμενο αναμνήσεων, αφίσες και φωτογραφίες πολλών από τα διάσημα αστέρια του προπολεμικού αλλά και του αμέσως μετά τον εμφύλιο Κινηματογράφου, γίνεται μια προσπάθεια να θυμηθούν οι παλιοί νοσταλγοί το Κινηματογράφο Πάλμιον και να μάθουν οι νεότεροι την ιστορία του.
Κινηματογράφος Μεσολογγίου Πάλμιον
Η φωτογραφία έχει τραβηχτεί από τον διαπρεπή πυρηνικό επιστήμονα και συμπολίτη κο Κωνσταντίνο Λάσκαρη και έχει παραχωρηθεί από τον παιδικό φίλο μου Μιχάλη Ντίνια γιό του Ντόντου Ντίνια ιδιοκτήτη του κτηρίου που στεγάστηκε παλιά ο Κινηματογράφος Πάλμιον.
Λιμάνι Μεσολογγίου
Γαϊτες μπροστα απο το Θεοξενια
Δυσηλιο Σουρουπωμα στο Μεσολογγι
Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου
-
►
2009
(15)
- ► Δεκεμβρίου (1)
- ► Φεβρουαρίου (3)
- ► Ιανουαρίου (3)
Για Μενα
Ταρτάνες ψαράδων σε Γαλλικό Λιμάνι.
Για να ξανάρθουν οι μνήμες της Ιστορίας στην επιφάνεια στους νεώτερους Μεσολογγίτες.
Πριάρι του 1927 στο Μεσολόγγι.
Πιθανόν μια βολική, χωρίς καρίνα, παραλλαγή της παλαιότερης Ταρτάνας.
Το πριάρι του Ηρακλή Κότσαρη "ο Άγιος Συμεών"
Βίρα τις Άγκυρες
Μεσολογγίτες το 1933 πιθανόν στην Αγία Τριάδα.
Οι εκδρομές των παλιών Μεσολογγιτών ήταν κυρίως προσκυνήματα και ένας ιδιόρρυθμος τρόπος πικ νικ στην εξοχή.
Ταρτάνες
Κάτι μου λέει ότι το πριάρι του Ηρακλή Κότσαρη κατασκευής 1920 που σαπίζει έξω από το σπίτι του Τάκη Σαρτζή είναι ένα μεταλλαγμένο απομεινάρι των παλαιών Ταρτανων. Καλό θα ήταν ο Δήμος Μεσολογγίου να το σκεφθει πριν καταρεύσει τελειωτικά.Είμαι στην διαθεσή του αφιλοκερδώς.
Χωρίς λόγια!
Πρωτομαγιά 1950. Καφενείο Σωκράτη Κανελέτη.
Ζωγραφική Άγγελου και Ηρακλή Κότσαρη.
Ζωγραφική Άγγελου Κότσαρη
Μεσολογγιτοπούλες του μεσοπολέμου ντυμένες " Αμαλίες"
Οικείες παλιών οικογενειών του Μεσολογγίου.
Κατοικείες αδελφών Κότσαρη ή παλαιότερα Κοτσακάρη,Κωνσταντίνου, Δημητρίου, και Γιώργου, παιδιών του Ηρακλή Κότσαρη.
στην αυλή του Κοτσαραίϊκου ετούτου σπιτιού μεγάλωσαν τρία αδέλφια και τα οκτώ παιδιά τους.
Τα παιδιά του Δημητρίου Κότσαρη ήταν ο Γεώργιος και ο Σπυρίδωνας, τα παιδιά του Κωνσταντίνου κότσαρη ήταν ο Ηρακλής, η Ελένη Σαραντοπούλου,η Μαρία Τσιφοπανοπούλου, ο Μενέλαος και ο Χρήστος, τέλος το παιδί του Γιώργου Κότσαρη ήταν ο Αριστείδης.
Η πρόσοψη του σπιτιού των Κοτσαραίων στο Μεσολόγγι επί της οδού Χαριλάου Τρικούπη.
Η πρόσοψη του σπιτιού σε μεταγενέστερα χρόνια είχε μετατραπεί σε μαγαζιά, που διατηρούνται μέχρι σήμερα.
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου